Founding Ideas
Which philosopher described natural rights as life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What system divides power between national and state governments?
Federalism
What belief encouraged American expansion across North America?
Manifest Destiny
What name describes the violent conflict between proslavery and antislavery settlers in Kansas during the 1850s?
Bleeding Kansas
Whose election in 1860 prompted Southern states to secede?
Abraham Lincoln
Which group opposed the Constitution because it gave the national government too much power?
Anti-Federalists
What power did Marbury v. Madison establish?
Judicial review
What invention increased cotton production and the demand for enslaved labor?
Cotton gin
What agreement admitted Maine as free, Missouri as slave, and restricted slavery north of 36°30′?
Missouri Compromise
Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
Fort Sumter
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could not directly collect these to raise money.
Taxes
What policy warned European nations against new colonization or interference in the Americas?
Monroe Doctrine
What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
What agreement admitted California as free and included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act?
Compromise of 1850
What document declared enslaved people free in areas rebelling against the Union?
Emancipation Proclamation
What agreement created equal representation in the Senate and population-based representation in the House?
Great Compromise
What feeling of national pride increased after the War of 1812?
Nationalism
What was the central issue dividing the North and South?
Slavery
What law required the return of people who escaped slavery, even from free states?
Fugitive Slave Act
Which amendment established citizenship, due process, and equal protection?
Fourteenth Amendment
What system allows each branch of government to limit the other branches?
Checks and balances
What 1803 purchase nearly doubled the size of the United States?
Louisiana Purchase
In which part of Congress did equal numbers of free and slave states preserve a balance of power?
Senate
What law created two territories and used popular sovereignty to decide slavery?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
What agreement resolved the disputed presidential election and marked the end of Reconstruction?
Compromise of 1877