The Scientific Revolution
The name is given to the model that places the Sun at the center of the solar system
What is Heliocentric Theory
Another common name for the Enlightenment emphasizing reason and progress
What is the Age of Reason?
The name for the three social groups in pre-revolutionary France.
What were the Estates?
Method he used by Napoleon Bonaparte to seize power in France in 1799
What is a coup d'etat?
He used a telescope to confirm heliocentric theory and was later tried by the Catholic Church
Who is Galileo Galilei
The English philosophers who argued that 1. People are naturally selfish and need a strong government, and 2. People have natural rights and government should have their consent (must have both names correctly matched)
Who are 1. Thomas Hobbes and 2. John Locke?
The Estate that contained the vast majority of the population but had the least political power
What was the Third Estate?
French territory where Napoleon was born
He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation and wrote the influential work titled Principia Mathematica.
Who is Isaac Newton
Enlightenment thinkers who valued reason, progress, and reform
Who were the philosophes?
Lower-class French citizens who wanted more change from the French Revolution.
Who were the sans-culottes?
Napoleon's final defeat in 1815
What was the Battle of Waterloo?
Name for the new scientific approach that emerged during the Scientific Revolution
Philosophe who championed freedom of speech and religious tolerance
Who is Voltaire?
Building attacked by a mob of angry Parisians on July 14, 1789, which is considered the beginning of the French Revolution
What is the Bastille prison?
The 1812 military campaign that disastrously reduced Napoleon’s Grande Armée
What was the invasion of Russia?
Name one important scientific instrument developed or improved during the Scientific Revolution
Possible answers: telescope, microscope, barometer, eyeglasses, thermometer
According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, this is where he said political authority comes from.
What is from the consent of the governed (the social contract)?
The most radical phase of the French Revolution, in which hundreds of citizens were executed for being "enemies of the Revolution."
What was the Reign of Terror?
Napoleon's blockade system intended to weaken Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods
What was the Continental System?