Chapter 22
The smallest unit of evolution
What is a population?
Group of individuals of same species in given place and time that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is a population?
Evolutionary change at or above species level over long periods of time
What is macroevolution?
Earth's Age
What is 4.5 B years?
How organisms are named and classified
What is taxonomy?
_____ developed binomial nomenclature and taxonomic classification
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
Change in gene frequencies in a population over a short period of time
What is microevolution?
A population or group of populations whose members have potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What the Biological Species Concept?
Earliest life forms
What are stromatolites?
A group that consists of ancestor species and all of its descendants
What is a monophyletic group (clade)?
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck's two ideas
What are use/disuse and inheritance of acquired traits?
Three mechanisms that cause a change in gene frequencies?
What are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow?
1st generation of hybrids are fertile but subsequent generations fail
What is hybrid breakdown?
Mitochondria evolved before plastids through a sequence of endosymbiotic events
What is serial endosymbiosis?
Includes distantly related species but doesn’t include their most recent common ancestor
What is a polyphyletic group?
The 2 major themes of "On the Origin of Species"
What are natural selection and descent with modification?
Sources of genetic variation
What are mutation sexual reproduction?
3 outcomes of hybrid zones over time
What are reinforcement, fusion, stability?
Rapid appearance of most major groups of complex animals ~530 M YBP
What is the Cambrian explosion?
A type of phylogenetic tree that supposes the least evolutionary change to explain observed data
What is a tree made using maximum parsimony?
Similar structures in related organisms inherited from a common ancestor
What are homologous structures?
3 modes of natural selection
What are stabilizing, disruptive, and directional selection?
Speciation takes place in a short period of time followed by long periods of stasis
What is punctuated equilibrium?
4 stages of the formation of early cells
What are:
1. Abiotic synthesis of simple organic compounds?
2. Macromolecules
3. Protocells
4. RNA
Movement of genes between organisms in a manner other than sexual reproduction
What is horizontal gene transfer?