Chapter 1
Circumstances or surroundings
What is context?
Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Nike, and Dole.
What are transnational (or multinational) corporations?
Ideas and information spread for the purpose of achieving a goal; some people believe that Al Jazeera provides nothing but this.
Laws passed by a government to prevent a group's cultural identity (including artists, performers, songs, movies, and literature) from being overwhelmed by the media of a more dominant culture.
What are cultural content laws?
The process of affirming and promoting individual and collective cultural identity.
A family, a school, a sports team, and a religion are all examples of this.
What is a collective?
The trend that concentrates ownership of newspapers and other media into the hands of a few large corporations.
What is media concentration?
The gap that One Laptop Per Child attempts to address.
What is the digital divide?
The goal of this organization is to protect and preserve Canada's cultural identity by ensuring Canadians hear Canadian voices and see Canadian stories.
What is the CRTC?
The erasing of cultural differences, leading to people becoming more and more similar. Some fear that pop culture produced in the USA and exported around the world will lead to this.
What is homogenization?
True or False: unlike clothing, body adornment is not an expression of individual identity.
What is false?
The use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, TV, and the internet.
What is media convergence?
Fashion trends, celebrities, and internet memes are all examples of this.
What is pop culture?
One of the largest international organizations promoting cultural diversity.
What is UNESCO?
A process where a minority cultural group takes on the cultural identity of the majority culture and is absorbed by it.
What is assimilation?
The following statements are both examples of these:
"On the last day of the year, Iranians build--and jump over--a bonfire to symbolize purification."
"For many people of Finnish heritage, going to the sauna expresses an aspect of their identity"
What are traditions?
Made up of 150 member countries, this organization governs how its members trade with each other.
What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
The song "Waka Waka," made by Shakira (from Colombia) featuring Freshlyground (from South Africa) which incorporates both African and South American rhythms and combines English lyrics with a traditional chant from Cameroon is an example of this globalization concept.
What is hybridization?
In 1971, Canada was the first country in the world to adopt this as its official government policy.
What is multiculturalism?
Term for cultural changes that happen when two cultures adapt to each other's worldviews.
What is acculturation?
This concept could be illustrated by using the example that the Inuit have many more words to describe snow than we do in English.
The term to describe savings that come from producing, using, and buying things in large quantities.
What is economies of scale?
This term describes the spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world.
What is universalization?
Youth delegates at this organization's 1999 summit discussed ways of protecting their identity on the internet.
The process of different cultures coming into contact and "making space" for one another.
What is accommodation?