Immune System
What are the three lines of defence your bodies have against pathogens?
1) skin
2) Inflammation
3) specialized white blood cells
Define micro organism.
A micro organism is any organism that can only be seen with the help of a microscope.
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Give 1 example of a virus.
Explain why a virus is considered non-living.
Example: Bacteriophage
Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell.
What function do the specialized white blood cells serve in your body?
They fight and kill the pathogen, and they build an immunity so that the body won't get the same illness again.
What are two (+) interactions we have with microbes?
Food production (making cheese, yogurt, pickles, and chocolate)
Medicine (bacteria can be used to make antibiotics and insulin)
Agrigultural Production
Waste Management
Disaster recovery
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
chloroplast
Which life process is a starfish undergoing when someone chops it in half and the halves grow into two new starfish?
-Using energy
-Responding to stimuli
Explain how our skin is a line of defence for us? What does it do/prevent?
-It is a physical barrier keeping pathogens from entering our bodies.
-Sweat and natural body acids kill some pathogens on the surface of your skin.
-Skin is waterproof so you can easily wash pathogens off.
What is a pathogen? What kind of interaction do we have with them (+) or (-)? Give an example.
Pathogens are microbes that can cause disease. We often have negative interactions with pathogens. For example, E. Coli, Listeria, and Botulism can cause food poisoning :(
What is the function of the vacuole? What does it look like in plant v. animal cell?
Vacuole is a balloon like space within the cytoplasm to store waste, food, and substances the cell cannot use right away.
In plant cells they have one LARGE one, animal cells have smaller and more numerous vacuoles.
What are the three claims made by Cell Theory?
1) All living things are made up of one or more cells
2) All new cells come from pre-existing cells
3) The cell is. the basic unit of life.
How does your stomach protect you from pathogens?
If we eat food containing pathogens the digestive system helps us by:
-strong stomach acid kills many types of pathogens
-mucus in digestive system traps pathogens
-vomiting removes them from the body
What two categories of microbes did we study? Give an example of each.
Decomposers (fungi) and Producers (phytoplankton / fun fact: phytoplankton create 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere!)
Compare plant and animal cells:
-Which organelles are only found in one or the other?
-What category of cell do they both belong to?
Plant and Animal cells are EUKARYOTIC cells.
Plant cells have: chloroplasts, a cell wall, a single vacuole, and a brick like shape.
Animal Cells have: a cell membrane, numerous vacuoles, and a more fluid shape.
Which characteristics of living things are taking place during photosynthesis/cellular respiration?
-Using Energy
-Take in nutrients
-Create waste
-Respond to stimuli?
What external means of protection do we use against illness/pathogens?
Vaccinations & Medication
What item in your fridge is an example of a positive and a negative interaction with microbes?
Cheese, yogurt, pickles, soy sauce, chocolate, wine, medicines.
What category of cell are bacteria? What three distinctive shapes do they come in? Give 1 example of bacteria.
Example: Ecoli
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
Shapes:
-Spherical
-rod-like
-spiral
What are the characteristics of living things?
1) Living things are made of cells.
2) Living things take in nutrients
3) Living things use energy.
4) Living things produce waste.
5) Living things respond to stimuli.
6) Living things grow.
7) Living things reproduce.