Water Cycle
Population Growth
Food Webs
Ecological Succession
Competition, Predation, and Symbiosis
100
Water molecules turn from liquid to gas
Evaporation
100
Two types of growth are
Logistic and Exponential
100
The trophic level with the most amount of energy
Producers
100
This type of succession starts with soil
Secondary succession
100
An animal kills another animal immediately to meet its energy needs
Predation
200
Water goes through soil by moving through the surface
Infiltration
200
One example of a density independent factor is
Natural disasters
Climate
200
Only 10% of energy gets passed on to the next trophic level. Energy is used as part of animals' metabolic processes. Some is lost as what form of energy?
Heat energy
200
This type of succession has moss and lichens as its pioneer species
Primary succession
200
The three types of symbiotic relationships
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
300
Water molecules stick to other water molecules
Cohesion
300
One example of a density dependent factor is
Space, food, disease, predators
300
The species that maintains balance in an ecosystem
Keystone species
300
The final stage of succession
Climax community
300
Relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources at the same time (like the hawk and the fox with the rabbit)
Competition
400
Water molecules stick to other molecules, like sticking to the walls of a plant
Adhesion
400
The type of growth curve that looks J-shaped
Exponential growth
400
List one of four ways an invasive species has a competitive advantage in its ecosystem
Lack of natural predators
Quick reproduction
Ability to adapt to any climate
Aggressive competitors
400
As ecosystems move through the stages of succession, the populations of organisms in them change. Which of the following describes the stage of succession likely to have the most species diversity?
a. A newly formed volcanic island
b. An agricultural field that has not been plowed for one year
c. A temperate forest that has never been cleared by logging
d. A field that is regularly mowed
400
Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans?
a. bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans.
b. Bacteria become resistant to antibacterial medication that humans use for treatment.
c. Invasive bacteria at an area of injury produce toxins that damage healthy tissues of the human body.
d. Bacteria in improperly prepared food is consumed by humans, causing food poisoning
500
Water moving to the atmosphere through plants
Transpiration
500
What is happening at carrying capacity?
Limiting factors constrain population size. The ecosystem is holding the maximum amount of that population it can. The population is not dying, but it is not growing; it is at maintenance.
500
In a food pyramid, the total number of organisms in a trophic level is called
Biomass
500
What are steps of ecological succession? (Either primary or secondary)
1. Start from nothing
2. Pioneer species
3. Intermediate succession - new plant species pop up
4. Climax community - multiple developed species in an ecosystem
500
a. Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism. Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.
b. Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism.
Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
c. Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism.
Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 3 is an example of predation.
d. Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.