Chapter 1
Define Population and Sample
Population: the whole group/everything we want to study
Sample: A subsect of the population that we are looking at
What are the 4 (or 5) good types of sampling?
SRS, Systematic, Cluster, Stratified, Census*
What are the ways you can display categorical data?
Frequency/relative frequency table
Pie Chart
Bar Graph
What does a box plot show?
The five number summary
What is Ali's major
Psychology
What type of variable is this:
Zip Code
Categorical
Define Blindness, and Placebo/Placebo Effect
Single-blind: participants do not know what treatment they are getting
Double-blind: Neither the participant nor the person interacting with them knows what treatment they got
Placebo: treatment that looks/tastes/smells exactly the same as the treatment but does not have the active ingredient (sugar pill)
Placebo Effect: people who recieved the placebo showing improvement
What are the ways to display numerical data?
Stem-and-leaf plot
Time plot
Histogram
What is the formula for a lower fence
Lower Fence = Q1-1.5(IQR)
What job does Ali work off campus?
Manager at Taco Bell
What type of variable is this:
number of flutes in an orchastera
Numerical Discrete
What are the Four Principles of Experimental Design? (Hint: what four things are required for experiments)
Randomization, Control, Replication, Blocking*
What do all stem and leaf plots HAVE to have?
a key
What is the formula for z-score
Z=(x-xbar)/s
Pittsburgh Steelers
What type of variable is this:
Weight of a baby elephant
Numerical Continuous
Define explanatory, response, and lurking variables
Explanatory: the variable being manipulated
Response: the variable we are measuring
Lurking: a variable that is NOT the explanatory variable, but is affecting the response variable
Compare and contrast Bar Graphs and Histograms
Bar Graphs: Categorical data, space between groups on graph, color, can NOT describe shape/center/spread, easy to compare multiple groups
Histograms: Numerical data, no spaces between groups, can describe shape/center/spread
Draw a picture that shows the Empirical Rule
68-95-99.7 Rule
What is one of Ali's reasearch projects or one of the professors Ali does research with?
There's a lot
Draw the picture that explains Inferential and Descriptive statistics
population circle to sample circle cycle
General statements about the population are inferential statistics, statements about the sample are descriptive statistics
Explain the difference between non-response bias and response bias
Non-response is people are not answering/on the subjects
Response bias is anything the researcher does to influence the results (bad phrasing of questions, bad question order, using authority over subject to get a certain answer, etc.)
What is the flow-chart for describing histograms? (If I haven't shown you my flow chart, just tell me all the things you have to talk about when it comes to describing histograms
Modes: Uni- Bi- Muli- Uniform
Shape: Symmetric Skewed (which one)
Center: Mean Median
Spread: SD IQR
Outliers/Unusual features
A z-score of 2 is what percentile?
97.5th percentile
Which SI (for a different class) is Ali's best friend?
Lauren Valenzuela (Botany SI)