Native American Societies
What agricultural innovation spread from present-day Mexico and significantly impacted societies in the American Southwest?
Maize
What was a primary motivation for French exploration in North America?
economic gain
What system was established by the Spanish to manage Native American labor for agriculture and resource extraction?
encomienda system
What was the name of the process that led to new crops, animals, and diseases being spread to the Americas and Europe?
Columbian Exchange
What was the name of the growing system that included corns, beans, and squash?
Three Sisters agriculture
What group of people were known as the "mound builders" of the Mississippi region?
Cahokia
How did the French approach Native American relations?
Alliances and intermarriage
What demographic changes resulted from Spanish exploration and conquest in the Americas?
Loss of population due to disease and war
What new technology allowed for better navigation for European explorers?
Astrolabe
What disease was primarily responsible for killing many Native Americans after contact with Europeans?
Smallpox
What region had groups of indigenous people that constructed longhouses?
Eastern Woodlands
Identify one significant economic activity that defined French colonial settlements.
Fur trade
What was the name of the group of people in the Americas that had one Spanish parent and one Native parent?
Mestizos
What was one political reason for European exploration?
What Spanish explorer conquered the Aztec?
Hernan Cortes
What animal was an important resource to tribes in the Great Plains?
Buffalo
What was ONE of the three rivers that French colonists settled along?
Ohio River, Mississippi River, St. Lawrence River
Who was the Spanish priest that criticized the treatment of Native groups by the Spanish?
Bartolome de Las Casas
What movement created a shortage of available land in Europe and led to more people seeking new land in the Americas?
Enclosure movement
What was one effect of the Spanish forcing Native Americans to convert to Christianity?
Loss of culture
What civilization was known for their cliff dwellings?
Pueblo
What was the name of French priests that attempted to convert Native Americans?
Jesuits
What was the name of the reputation that developed for Spanish colonization that portrayed them as uniquely cruel and exploitative?
Black Legend
What Spaniard defended Spain's right to conquer and subjugate Native Americans?
Juan de Sepulveda
What system did the Spanish establish in California to facilitate the conversion of Native Americans to Christianity?
Mission system