Earth's Layers
The solid layer of Earth between the crust and the core
Mantle
What type of rock forms through the cooling and solidification of magma?
Igneous rock
Define Urbanization
The process by which cities grow and develop
Define continental drift theory
the theory that continents were once connected but have drifted apart
What physical evidence support scientific theories that Earth has evolved over time?
Fossils
Heat transfer that is caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluids and the falling of cooler, denser fluids
Convection Currents
What type of rock is formed from sediments? How is it formed?
Sedimentary rock; it is formed through compaction or cementation.
What is human impact? Give one example of a positive way humans impact the land and negative.
Human impact is anything humans do.
Positive - recycling, riding bike, replanting trees
Negative- Urbanization, Deforestation, Littering
Choose the plate boundary that matches the description
A) Convergent
B) Divergent
C) Transform
Convergent Boundary
How do scientist determine the age of Earth's material?
Two scientific methods of doing this are radioactive dating and superposition.
The layers of Earth are the crust, mantle, and core, with the core being divided into the inner and outer layers. Which of the following does not correctly describe the layers of Earth?
A) The crust is extremely thin when compared to the core or mantle.
B) The mantle is composed of rocks known as silicates.
C) The core is made up of dense elements, such as iron and nickel.
D) The core makes up the majority of Earth’s volume.
D). The core makes up the majority of Earth's Volume
How can a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?
Sedimentary rock can become a metamorphic rock by being exposed to extreme heat and pressure below Earth’s surface.
During The Carbon Cycle, carbon enters the atmosphere as _____ & is absorbed by plants during ____?
Carbon Dioxide & Photosynthesis
Which type of plate boundary adds lithosphere to the Earth’s crust? (SC.7.E.6.5)
A. subduction zone
B. convergent boundary
C. transform boundary
D. divergent boundary
D) Divergent Boundary
One scientific technique determines the age of rocks by observing the undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers. Which rocks does the technique say will be the oldest in the layers?
A) The rocks that are igneous
B) The rocks found in every layer
C) The rocks with the most radioactive decay
D) The rocks found at the bottom
D) The rocks found at the bottom
A huge piece of crust that slowly moves on the upper, ductile part of the mantle
Tectonic Plate
Define weathering and erosion
How are deforestation & Urbanization related to one another?
Without deforestation (the cutting down of trees) Urbanization (the developing of cities by buildings, roads and concrete) wouldn't be able to happen.
Who was Alfred Wegner & what was his contribution
He came up with the theory that Earth was once a super continent called Pangea. His ideas laid the groundwork for the modern theory of plate tectonics, revolutionizing our understanding of Earth's geological history.
With ____ dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is compared to the ages of other rocks. (SC.7.E.6.4)
A. absolute, relative
B. relative, approximate
C. relative, approximate
D. true , absolute
A) Absolute, Relative
Give at least one example of a component in each of Earth’s four spheres—the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
Hydrosphere-Oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwate
Atmosphere-The layer of gases surrounding Earth, including oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Geosphere-The Earth’s solid structure, such as rocks, soil, and minerals
Biosphere-All living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that interact with each other and their environments.
What do we call a scientist who studies rocks?
Geologist
What effect does human impact, such as deforestation and urbanization have on native populations?
When humans cut down forest or build cities, it can hurt plants and animals that live there. They lose their homes, and sometimes food and shelter. It affects the environment by causing more pollution and changing the climate.
Describe the processes that cause earthquakes, volcanoes, and the creation of mountains and ocean basins.
Earthquakes is causes when transform boundaries slide horizontially past one another. Volcanoes form at convergent boundaries from an oceanic and continental plate. & Mountains form when two continental plate continuously slam into one another.
____________________ dating uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages. (SC.7.E.6.4)
A. Relative
B. Absolute
C. Approximate
D. Comparative
Absolute