Characteristics of Life
What is the term for the basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms?
Cells
If something is made of one cell, is it living?
Yes, if something is made of one cell, it can be considered living, as long as it performs all the characteristics of life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it generates most of the cell's energy?
Mitochondria
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
Mitosis results in how many cells? And what are those cells called?
2 daughter cells
What process do living organisms use to maintain stable internal conditions, like body temperature?
Homeostasis
Where do cells come from?
All cells come from other cells
Which organelle contains the genetic material of a cell and is responsible for controlling cell activities?
Nucleus
Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?
Mitochondria
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
Which characteristic of life describes an organism's ability to change over time in response to its environment, leading to better survival?
Adaptation through evolution
Which principle of cell theory explains why a broken bone heals itself by creating new bone cells?
All cells come from other cells
Which cell structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
Cell membrane
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sunlight (light energy)
What phase of mitosis is characterized by sister chromatids being pulled apart, moving toward opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the term for the process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species?
Reproduction
Who, along with Theodor Schwann, concluded that all plants and animals are made up of cells in the 1800s?
Matthias Schleiden
Which organelle can only be found in plant cells? Why?
Chloroplast, because plants need to make their own energy source through photosynthesis, while animals obtain energy from other sources.
Which products of photosynthesis are used as reactants in cellular respiration?
Glucose and Oxygen
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to reform around the separated sets of chromosomes?
Telophase
A robot can respond to stimuli, move, and even repair itself when damaged. Based on the characteristics of life, is the robot considered a living organism? Why or why not?
No, the robot is not considered a living organism because it is not made of cells, does not undergo metabolism, cannot grow or reproduce on its own, and does not adapt through evolution.
If scientists discovered a new organism under the ocean, how could they use the principles of cell theory to determine if it is alive?
They could examine the organism to see if it is made of cells.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding organelles?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related in terms of energy flow within a cell?
Photosynthesis uses sunlight (light energy) to create glucose (chemical energy). Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
How does uncontrolled mitosis lead to cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division causes cells to grow and divide without stopping, forming tumors and potentially spreading to other parts of the body.