Psychology as a Science
This is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is psychology?
One of the seven perspectives of psychology is this. Name any of the perspectives.
What is...psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, evolutionary, or sociocultural?
Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys are all examples of this kind of research method.
What is descriptive?
A psychologist who spends their career studying how and why changes occur in people throughout their lives most likely works in this field of psychology.
What is developmental psychology?
This is an enduring and consistent style of thinking, feeling, and behaving in the world.
What is personality?
Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with this school of psychology.
What is structuralism?
This psychologist is associated with the behavioral school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with observable actions.
This group consists of subjects who receive some special treatment with regard to the independent variable.
What is an experimental group?
Mothers who are inconsistent or insensitive in responding to their infants are more likely to have infants who exhibit this attachment style.
What is anxious-ambivalent OR avoidant attachment?
This personality test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks participants to respond to these.
What are inkblots?
This type of psychologist is best prepared to help a person who hears voices and believes her coworkers are out to get her.
Who is a clinical psychologist?
This perspective of psychology assumes that behaviors are motivated by unconscious factors.
What is the psychodynamic approach?
You are a psychologist studying the effects of sleep on memory performance. You randomly assign participants to either get 4 hours of sleep or 8 hours of sleep the night before taking a memory test. The next day, you measure how many words each participant can recall from a given list.
The amount of sleep would be considered what?
What is the independent variable?
A 6-month old infant is playing with her favorite toy. One day her mom hides the toy under a blanket while the baby watches. She seems surprised and starts looking for the toy, but doesn't understand that it is still there. At this stage in her development, she has not yet developed this cognitive ability.
What is object permanence?
According to Freud, this part of the personality represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards.
What is the superego?
You are a researcher who is investigating whether listening to music while studying affects test scores. You assign on group of students to study with background music, while another group studies in silence. After studying, both groups take the same math test, and their scores are recorded.
The students' test scores would be considered what?
What is the dependent variable?
If a psychologist is helping a client realize their potential as a person and using words of encouragement to help them feel better about themselves, they are using this kind of approach.
What is a humanistic approach?
You're conducting a naturalistic observation by going to a classroom and observing the interactions between the teacher and their students. When they notice that they are being observed, and change their behavior accordingly, it is an example of this effect.
What is the observer effect?
Tommy, a 5-year-old, is shown two glasses that are identical in size and filled with the same amount of juice. Then, the juice from one glass is poured into a taller, narrower glass. Tommy is asked if both glasses now have the same amount of juice, and he insists that the taller glass has more juice. This would reveal that Tommy has not yet developed which kind of cognitive ability?
What is conservation?
This defense mechanism involves retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. Example: A little boy reverts back to the oral comfort of sucking his thumb in the car on the way to his first day of school.
What is regression?
You are a psychologist who was hired by a tech company that experiences high rates of employee burnout and employee turnover. After conducting surveys and exit interviews, you find that the employees feel undervalued and lack growth opportunities. In response, you implement programs that contribute to growth, satisfaction, and retention at the company. What kind of psychologist are you?
What is an industrial/organizational psychologist?
You are a psychologist who studies fear. In your research, you argue that people are afraid of specific animals like snakes and spiders because, historically, avoiding dangerous animals helped humans survive. Your research would use this perspective.
What is the evolutionary perspective?
As you take more days off of work, you notice that the amount of money in your paycheck decreases. The increase in absences and the decrease in money in your check suggests this.
What is a negative correlation?
You are a psychologist observing different parenting styles in a research study. One set of parents enforces strict rules in their household, expecting complete obedience from their children without explanation. If the rules are broken, harsh punishments follow. You are observing what kind of parenting style?
What is authoritarian parenting?
You are a talented musician who has a stable job, a loving family, and a strong group of friends. Lately, you have been focusing on writing original songs and performing in local venues because you feel a deep desire to express yourself creatively and reach your full potential. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which step are you trying to accomplish?
What is self-actualization?