Water & Elements
The interactions between one water molecule and another water molecule
cohesion or hydrogen bonding
These two molecules contain hereditary information
DNA & RNA
describe the consistency of unsaturated fats at room temperature
tend to be liquid
In the M&M's activity, what was the null hypothesis?
the Mars company is telling us the truth
Why does water act as a heat sink?
A relatively large amount of energy is required to raise the temperature of water (specific heat).
Term for the degree to which a given atom in a molecule attracts electrons
electronegativity
Which components of amino acids are involved in interactions that delineate tertiary structure
R groups
amino acids are linked together by what subcategory of covalent bonds?
peptide bonds
In order to reject a null hypothesis, what must be true for a given sensitivity and number of degrees of freedom?
the calculated chi-squared value must exceed the critical value
Why does ice float on water?
lattice structure of solid vs. flowing molecular dynamics of liquid. Not the case for all substances.
Describe the mechanism by which evaporative cooling functions
The removal of heat required in order to cause the evaporation of water
hydrocarbons that do not include C=C double bonds are considered
saturated
If one consumes plants, one is may obtain any of the following accept which?
1) cellulose
2) sugars
3) nucleic acids
4) cholesterol
cholesterol
larger
A molecule is determined to be a hydrocarbon. What category of macromolecule could it be?
carbohydrate or lipid
Surface tension is due to which major property of water?
cohesion or polarity
Why are phospholipids considered to be amphipathic?
polar and nonpolar regions
A peptide has the sequence M-G-A-Q (one letter codes)
What is the probability that the peptide had that exact sequence if all one knew ahead of time were its length?
(1/20)^4 = 0.0006%
What is the purpose of the chi-squared test, from a biologists perspective?
carboxyl groups are located in which macromolecules?
lipids and proteins
Describe the chemical process of an ionic interaction
An electron is donated from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom involved in the interaction
Switching one nucleotide, or nitrogenous base, for another, thus altering the base sequence that determines protein sequence
cellulose can be obtained from various portions of plants. Upon hydrolysis of cellulose, among the products would be which monomer?
glucose / simple sugar
If you observe values that are consistent with expectations, what will be true of the chi-squared value?
It will be relatively small. If you observe exactly what was expected for all groups, then the chi-squared value will be zero.
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA
sugar, strands, U vs. T