Atomic Structure/Polarity/Reactions
Negatively charged subatomic particles that specifically determine reactivity of an element.
What are valence electrons?
The last step of Earth's formation.
What is the evolution of eukaryotic cells?
The type of bond that gives water its unique properties.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Monomer of a carbohydrate
What is a monosaccharide?
A type of protein that speeds up the rate of reactions.
What is a catalyst?
When a reaction's products have less free energy than the reactants, the reaction is __________.
What is exergonic?
Second step of formation of life, which allowed genetic material to be stored and replicated.
What are evolution of proteins and nucleic acids?
This property allows marine life to thrive in the water throughout the winter, despite water's tendency to freeze.
What is water is less dense as a solid?
When a molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions it is described as __________.
What is amphipathic?
Type of bond that connects nucleotides.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
Polar molecules are _______ meaning they dissolve well in water, whereas nonpolar molecules are not.
What is hydrophilic?
The approximate age of the Earth.
What is 4.5 billion years old?
This property allows water to easily stick to itself, creating surface tension.
What is cohesion?
Type of fatty acid with at least one double bond.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
Double ring nitrogenous bases, includes Adenine and Guanine.
Describes a reaction that is endergonic, where a larger molecule is built from smaller ones, but water is not necessarily involved.
What is an anabolic reaction?
Third step of the formation of life, which allowed cell membranes to form.
What is the formation of fatty acids/lipids?
This property allows water to take a lot of heat with it when it evaporates, allowing for evaporative cooling and making us cool off when we sweat.
Type of carbohydrate structure found in cellulose, where the polysaccharides are parallel to each other, forming thin fibrils.
What is linear?
One of the options for protein secondary structure where a spiral shape is formed.
What is an alpha helix?
A molecule will be polar if one element in the molecule is more ________ than the other, meaning it will attract more of the electrons in the compound.
What is electronegative?
What are Organiziation, Made of cells, Responds to environment, Obtains energy from environment, Grows and develops?
This property means it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water, making the temperature of our bodies (which are mostly water) more stable.
What is high specific heat?
3 of the 6 functions of lipids.
What are energy storage, membranes, organ protection, thermal regulation, preventing water loss in plants, signalling
Differences between DNA and RNA (there are 4).
What are deoxyribose vs ribose, polynucleotide vs oligonucleotide, double stranded vs single stranded, T vs U?