The Protestant Reformation
This German monk began the Protestant Reformation by posting his 95 Theses in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther
This French-born reformer emphasized predestination and established a theocracy in Geneva.
Who is John Calvin?
This church council (1545–1563) reaffirmed Catholic doctrines and reformed abuses.
What is the Council of Trent
Series of conflicts between Catholics and Huguenots ended with the Edict of Nantes.
What are the French Wars of Religion
The 1534 Act of Supremacy declared this man head of the Church of England.
Who is Henry VIII
This invention helped spread Luther’s ideas quickly across Europe.
What is the Printing Press
This English king broke with the Catholic Church after being denied an annulment by the Pope.
Who is Henry VIII?
The Index of Forbidden Books and this institution were used to combat heresy.
What is the Inquisition
The 1572 massacre that killed thousands of French Protestants was named after this saint’s day.
What is St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre
This English queen sought to return England to Catholicism, earning the nickname “Bloody.”
Who is Mary Tudor
Luther’s main belief that salvation is achieved through faith alone is known by this Latin phrase.
What is Sola Fide?
This radical Protestant sect rejected infant baptism and promoted separation of church and state.
Who are Anabaptists?
This art style, encouraged by the Catholic Church, used emotion and grandeur to inspire faith
What is Baroque
This war (1618–1648) began as a religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire but became a political one.
What is the Thirty Years’ War?
This monarch established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, balancing Protestant doctrine with Catholic ritual.
Who is Elizabeth I
This 1555 peace treaty allowed each German prince to determine the religion of his state.
What is the Peace of Augburg
The religious group founded by Ignatius of Loyola to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work.
Who are the Jesuits
This quintessential building of the Catholic Church personified Baroque art styles (was also paid for by indulgences)
What is St. Peter's Basilica
This treaty officially ended the Thirty Years' War and also marked the end of religion as the primary motive for war on the European continents
Henry IV and Elizabeth I, but not Mary Tudor or Phillip II
What are Politiques
The 1521 assembly where Luther refused to recant his writings before Emperor Charles V.
What is the Diet of Worms
This Swiss reformer, who disagreed with Luther about the nature of the Eurcharist, was killed in battle during the Wars of Kappel in 1531.
Who is Huldrych Zwingli?
The order founded by Teresa of Ávila sought strict poverty and prayer.
Who are the Carmalites?
This monarch famously said “Paris is worth a Mass” when converting to Catholicism for political unity.
Who is Henry IV
This 1588 event marked the defeat of a Catholic invasion fleet by the English navy.