Foundations of A&P
This field studies the structure (morphology) of body parts.
What is anatomy?
This is the body’s tendency to maintain a stable internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
Kati’s condition was caused by an excess of total body water compared to sodium levels.
What is hyponatremia?
This cavity houses the brain.
What is the cranial cavity?
A patient lying face-down is in this position.
What is prone?
This field explains how body parts function and how they work together to maintain life.
What is physiology?
In a temperature-regulating negative feedback loop, sweating is considered this component.
What is the effector?
Although most of her vital signs were normal, this lab value was abnormally low.
What is urine sodium level?
This structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
What is the diaphragm?
The wrist is this to the elbow.
What is distal?
This term describes the process by which cells become specialized by activating and deactivating genes.
What is differentiation?
The “normal range” around which a condition fluctuates is called this.
What is a set point?
Kati gained two pounds during the marathon. This suggests what physiological imbalance?
What is water intoxication/excess body water?
The membrane layer that directly covers the lungs is called this.
What is the visceral pleura?
The sternum is this to the heart.
What is anterior?
Place these in order from simplest to most complex: organ, atom, tissue, organ system, cell, organism, molecule.
What is atom → molecule → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism?
In the insulin-glucagon feedback loop, this hormone lowers blood glucose by signaling cells to absorb glucose.
What is insulin?
Confusion and abnormal leg movements indicate that this organ system was being affected.
What is the nervous system?
The outer layer of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity wall is called this.
What is the parietal pleura?
A cut dividing the body into left and right portions is this type of section.
What is a sagittal section?
All chemical reactions required to maintain life collectively form this, and they ultimately require this to occur.
What is metabolism, and energy (ATP)?
A baby suckling stimulates increasing milk production. This is an example of this type of feedback mechanism and why?
What is positive feedback because the response amplifies the original stimulus?
Explain why hyponatremia disrupts homeostasis at the cellular level.
What is low sodium causing water to move into cells (osmosis), leading to swelling and impaired cellular function?
These membranes reduce friction between organs by secreting fluid and consist of both parietal and visceral layers.
What are serous membranes?
The skin is this relative to skeletal muscles.
What is superficial?