ROCKS
What are the three main types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
What is open-cast mining?
Mining that removes minerals from the surface in open pits.
Name three environmental impacts of mining.
Loss of habitat, pollution of water and land, and waste generation.
What is the purpose of monitoring after mine closure?
To track environmental recovery and ensure that pollution or degradation does not reoccur.
What is meant by sustainable mineral use?
Using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the future.
Give two examples of igneous rocks.
Granite and basalt.
What is shaft mining?
A deep mining technique that uses vertical shafts to access underground deposits.
How can mining affect human health?
Through air and water pollution, dust inhalation, and exposure to heavy metals.
What is land restoration?
Rehabilitating land damaged by mining to make it useful again.
How can recycling reduce mineral extraction?
It decreases the demand for raw materials.
Name two sedimentary rocks.
Limestone and sandstone.
What is the role of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
To evaluate the environmental effects of mining before it begins.
What economic impact does mining have on local communities?
It creates jobs and can stimulate local and national economies.
Give one example of a strategy to reduce the impact of mining.
Replanting vegetation to prevent erosion and restore ecosystems.
How can we reduce the use of non-renewable mineral resources?
By improving efficiency, using substitutes, and recycling.
What is igneous rock?
Rock made during a volcanic process
What is prospecting? What is remote sensing?
A process of searching for minerals - A process in which information is gathered about the Earth's surface from abovenerals
What is overburden?
The rock and soil overlying an economically viable mineral deposit
Why would trees be planted after mining operations?
To restore biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, improve air quality, and help the land recover ecologically.
Why is legislation important for sustainable mining?
To regulate mining activities and ensure environmental protection.
What is sedimentary rock?
A rock formed from material derived from the weathering of other rocks or the accumulation of dead plants and animals
What is a common consequence of water pollution caused by mining?
The contamination of water sources with toxic chemicals and heavy metals
What is meant by “loss of biodiversity” in relation to mining?
Destruction of habitats reduces the variety of living species.
What is bioremediation in the context of mining?
The use of microorganisms or plants to remove or neutralize pollutants from contaminated soil or water at mining sites.
What is the benefit of using local building materials?
It reduces transport emissions and supports the local economy.