Unit 1 test

1-3

100

"a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy."

Ideology 

200

" a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected persons representing a group of people"

Representative Democracy 

300

"a model of democracy in which citizens are provided power to make political decisions."

Participatory democracy

400

"describes a political system where there is more than one center of power."

pluralist democracy

500

"The theory posits that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power"

elitist democracy

3-5

100

"the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views."

Liberty 

200

"the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities."

Equality

300

"Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. There was no national court system or judicial branch. Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote."

the articles of confederation weaknesses and why it failed 

400

"The three Major compromises"

the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College.

500

"the Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution. They complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights."

The ratification debate

5-7

100

"an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies."

Separation of powers

200

"counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups."

Checks and balances 

300

"The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments"

Federalist 51

400

"a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government."

Federalism 

500

1. "those powers reserved to the federal government or the states." 2. "powers shared by the federal government and the states"

1. Exclusive powers

2. Concurrent powers

7

100

"mandates, block and categorical grants"

Coercive Federalism

200

"As a subfield of public economics, fiscal federalism is concerned with "understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government"

fiscal federalism

300

"known as marble-cake federalism, is defined as a flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs."

cooperative federalism

400

"known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal"

Dual Federalism 

500

"Concurrent powers are powers shared by the federal government and the states. Only the federal government can coin money, regulate the mail, declare war, or conduct foreign affairs. ... Notably, both the states and the federal government have the power to tax, make and enforce laws, charter banks, and borrow money."

Balance of power between State and Federal                   Govt.

7-8

100

"the existence and desirability of competition among governments and jurisdictions in a federal political system."

Competitive federalism

200

"The balance of power between the national and state governments has changed over time based on U.S. Supreme Court interpretation of such cases as: McCulloch v. ... US argument was that this act affected national commerce by declining tourism. Court Decision: 5/4 in favor of Lopez."

Change in the balance of power between Federal Gov. and States over time.

300

Important SCOTUS cases that changed the balances of powers 

McCulloch v. ... US argument was that this act affected national commerce by declining tourism. Court Decision: 5/4 in favor of Lopez.

400

 "The state appeals court held that the Second Bank was unconstitutional because the Constitution did not provide a textual commitment for the federal government to charter a bank."

McCulloch v. Maryland

500

"the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The act forbids "any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that [he] knows...is a school zone."

United States v. Lopez