"a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy."
Ideology
"the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views."
Liberty
"an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies."
Separation of powers
"mandates, block and categorical grants"
Coercive Federalism
"the existence and desirability of competition among governments and jurisdictions in a federal political system."
Competitive federalism
" a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected persons representing a group of people"
Representative Democracy
"the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities."
Equality
Checks and balances
"As a subfield of public economics, fiscal federalism is concerned with "understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government"
fiscal federalism
"The balance of power between the national and state governments has changed over time based on U.S. Supreme Court interpretation of such cases as: McCulloch v. ... US argument was that this act affected national commerce by declining tourism. Court Decision: 5/4 in favor of Lopez."
Change in the balance of power between Federal Gov. and States over time.
"a model of democracy in which citizens are provided power to make political decisions."
Participatory democracy
"Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. There was no national court system or judicial branch. Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote."
the articles of confederation weaknesses and why it failed
"The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments"
Federalist 51
"known as marble-cake federalism, is defined as a flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs."
cooperative federalism
Important SCOTUS cases that changed the balances of powers
McCulloch v. ... US argument was that this act affected national commerce by declining tourism. Court Decision: 5/4 in favor of Lopez.
"describes a political system where there is more than one center of power."
pluralist democracy
"The three Major compromises"
the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College.
"a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government."
Federalism
"known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal"
Dual Federalism
"The state appeals court held that the Second Bank was unconstitutional because the Constitution did not provide a textual commitment for the federal government to charter a bank."
McCulloch v. Maryland
"The theory posits that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power"
elitist democracy
"the Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution. They complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights."
The ratification debate
1. "those powers reserved to the federal government or the states." 2. "powers shared by the federal government and the states"
1. Exclusive powers
2. Concurrent powers
"Concurrent powers are powers shared by the federal government and the states. Only the federal government can coin money, regulate the mail, declare war, or conduct foreign affairs. ... Notably, both the states and the federal government have the power to tax, make and enforce laws, charter banks, and borrow money."
Balance of power between State and Federal Govt.
"the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The act forbids "any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that [he] knows...is a school zone."
United States v. Lopez