Unit 1 Test Review

Overall Microbes

100

What are microorganisms?

Organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye; you need a microscope to see them.

200

Prokaryotes lack a ________?

Nucleus 

300

What is one way microbes are beneficial? 

Possible answers: 

Bioremediation; antibiotics; genetic engineering; used to make beer, whine, and bread; decomposition; make nitrogen available to plants; they are food

400

List the 6 major types of microbes.

1. Bacteria

2. Fungi

3. Protozoa

4. Helminths

5. Viruses 

6. Prions

500

Of the 6 major types of microbes, which are prokaryotes, which are eukaryotes, and which are acellular? 

Bacteria=Prokaryote

Fungi, Helminths, and Protozoa=Eukaryote

Viruses and Prions=Acellular

History of Microbiology (Scientists and such)

100

Who invented pasteurization, the rabies vaccine, and lead the swan-neck flask experiment? 

Louis Pasteur 

200

What did John Tyndall discover?

He discovered heat resistant bacteria (endospores).

300

What is Spontaneous Generation Theory?

The belief that microorganisms arise from nonliving things.

400

What did Alexander Flemming do in the field of microbiology?

He discovered Penicillin by accidentally having Penicillium mold contaminate his culture of staphylococcus bacteria, which inhibited the growth of that bacteria. 

500

Which two scientists are associated with asepsis? 

**Bonus (100 points): What did those two scientists discover?**

1. Semmelweis: Connected autopsies and childbed fever due to doctors not washing their hands between autopsies and examining women in labor.

2. Lister: Worked to sterilize bandages and instruments to reduce infection during surgery 

Prokaryotes

100

What is the cell wall made out of?

Peptidoglycan 

200

What is the polysaccharide-containing substance found external to the cell wall that is used for coating and attachment? 

Glycocalyx

300

What lies outside of the cell wall in Gram Negative bacteria? 

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); endotoxin; Lipid A

400

Tell me THREE key features that Gram Positive bacteria have that Gram Negative bacteria do not have

Possible answers: 

- 3rd amino acid: lysine

-Presence of peptide interbridge 

-Lack Outer Membrane

-Presence of Teichoic Acid

-They retain the gram stain due to its thickness 

500

Acid-Fast bacteria have a thick cell wall primarily due to what?

Due to lipids called mycolic acid

Eukaryotes

100

Explain the difference between the Rough ER and the Smooth ER

Rough ER: has ribosomes; it is a site for protein synthesis

Smooth ER: no ribosomes; lipid synthesis and degradation; calcium ion storage

200

What are the functions of: 

The Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus 

The mitochondria: Generate ATP

Ribosomes: Protein synthesis 

Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins

300

True or False: 

Fungi have the ability to be polymorphic

False; Fungi have the ability to be Dimorphic

400

Where in the body do helminths primarily reside?

The GI Tract (intestines)