First Peoples and Societies
In what continent did humans begin?
Africa
What’s the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism?
Monotheism is the belief in one god; Polytheism is the belief in many gods.
Describe the caste system in India
Looks like a triangle. It's a hereditary hierarchy that assigns individuals to birth-based groups, offering limited social mobility and often dictating occupation, marriage, and social status.
Between what two modern countries (East to West) did the Persian empire stretch from?
Greece to India
What is a coup?
A sudden overthrow of government
Where did humans migrate to after leaving Africa?
The entire world (besides Antarctica)
Give an example of an ancient and modern form of public works.
Ancient: Egyptian Pyramids, Mesopotamian canals and city walls, Buddhist Temples.
Modern: roads, pipes, ports, canals, schools, hospitals.
What language was primarily used for religion and subjects like poetry, law, and medicine?
Sanskrit
What is a Satrap(s)?
A provincial (regional) governor
Describe Cultural Diffusion
The process by which cultures interact and ideas spread from one area to another.
Describe the difference between agriculture and domestication
Agriculture: the cultivation of plants for food and domestication of animals.
Domestication: The taming of wild animals.
Why was Irrigation so crucial for early civilizations?
Irrigation helps sustain agriculture and boost food production in arid regions, which supports food security for a large number of people and builds the empire's economy.
How do the Dynastic Cycle and Mandate of Heaven work together?
The Mandate of Heaven validates the Dynastic Cycle. Forces of the universe approve the current ruler when good and disapprove when bad.
Who are the three kings responsible for Persia's expansion? (In order)
Cyrus II, Cambyses, Darius
Who is Mitochondrial Eve?
A single human female ancestor common to all human beings.
Describe what an artifact is.
An object of historical value made by human beings.
For words such as exile and exodus, what does the prefix ex tell you about the words?
Ex = Exit, out, leave
What’s the difference between bureaucracy and meritocracy?
Bureaucracy: A group of administrative government officials.
Meritocracy: A system in which qualified people are chosen and promoted on the basis of the achievement rather than social position.
What role did geography play in Thermopylae and Salamis?
Thermopylae: Mountain pass
Salamis: Narrow Strait
What is Filial Piety?
Respect for one's parents
How did surpluses in food change the lives of early humans?
Extra food allowed early societies to grow their populations, specialize labor beyond farming, which led to the development of governments, trade, and new occupations such as artisans, scribes, and priests.
What is the difference between a Theocracy and a Bureaucracy?
Theocracy: A form of government in which the legal system is based on religious law
Bureaucracy: A group of administrative government officials.
Describe the process of the Dynastic Cycle. What are the steps?
1. New dynasty is ruling
2. The dynasty's power grows weaker
3. Disasters happen
4. The people believe the dynasty has lost the approval of the God's
5. The Dynasty is overthrown
6. The new Dynasty restores peace and order
Why do you think the Greeks, despite being smaller and divided into city-states, were able to defeat the Persian Empire?
They were defending their home
They had home-field advantage
They had better battle tactics
Organize yourselves into a phalanx. How many people across is it?
Soldiers in rows of eight people