Divine Right of Kings
According to Divine Right, a king or queen receives the right to rule from this source.
What is God?
This type of government gives a monarch supreme power over the country.
What is an absolute monarchy?
This thinker believed people have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This king ruled Great Britain during the American Revolution.
Who is King George III?
Before the Revolution, French society was divided into these three social groups.
What are the Three Estates?
This document was written in 1215 to challenge Divine Right AND Absolute Monarchy
What is the Magna Carta?
Known as the Sun King, this French ruler is one of the best-known examples of an absolute monarch.
Who is Louis XIV?
This Enlightenment thinker is associated with separation of powers and checks and balances.
Who is Montesquieu?
Colonists carried out this famous protest against a British tax on tea.
What is the Boston Tea Party?
This estate carried much of the tax burden before the Revolution.
What is the Third Estate?
True or False: Under Divine Right, a monarch's authority comes from the people they rule.
What is False?
Louis XIV used this enormous palace as a symbol of royal power and a way to control the nobility.
What is Versailles?
The style of art, called baroque was replace by a new style, characterized by simple elegant inspired by Greek and Roman art. What was the name of the new style?
What is Neoclassicism?
This Enlightenment thinker strongly influenced American ideas about natural rights.
Who is John Locke?
On July 14, 1789, revolutionaries attacked this prison that symbolized royal authority.
What is the Bastille?
Explain why Divine Right could make it difficult for people to challenge an unfair king.
Because people were taught that the monarch was chosen by God, so challenging the monarch could be viewed as challenging God
This Russian absolute ruler tried to modernize and westernize his country.
Who is Peter the Great?
Match all three thinkers to their ideas: Hobbes, Rousseau, Beccaria — strong government for order; social contract/people are basically good; fair justice and speedy trials.
Hobbes = strong government; Rousseau = social contract/people are basically good; Beccaria = fair justice/speedy trials.
Why did Britain begin seeking more tax revenue from its American colonies after the French and Indian War?
What is to help pay Britain's war debt?
In 1789, representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves this new political body and challenged the king's authority
What is the National Assembly?
This Enlightenment idea directly challenges Divine Right because it says government gets its authority from the people rather than God.
What is the social contract / consent of the governed?
Name TWO characteristics of European absolutism from our reading.
What are centralized authority, Divine Right, lack of checks and balances, mercantilism, and/or standing armies? (Any two.)
Explain one major way Enlightenment ideas challenged absolute monarchy.
Answers should explain that Enlightenment thinkers questioned unchecked royal authority and promoted ideas such as natural rights, equality, social contract, separation of powers, or government responsibility to the people.
Name TWO reasons from our review that helped the Americans defeat Britain.
Americans were defending their homeland; British generals made mistakes; France helped the Americans. (Any two.)
Put these events in the correct order: Louis XVI is executed → Storming of the Bastille → France becomes a republic → National Assembly is created.
National Assembly → Storming of the Bastille → France becomes a republic → Louis XVI is executed.