Carbon
What must an organism have in order to be considered "organic"...
What is carbon?
This is an organic compound with about a 1 carbon:2 hydrogen:1 oxygen ratio.
What is a carbohydrate?
Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?
What is DNA is Universal? or
What is the basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria (and most living things)?
Scientists think that organic compounds were synthesized by
What is inorganic compounds?
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?
What are monosaccharides?
Water molecules are held together by what type of bonds?
What are hydrogen bonds?
All living things are composed of this element
What is Carbon?
A simple sugar, like glucose and fructose.
What is a monosaccharide?
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
What is tRNA?
What are the two main functions of lipids...
What is long term energy and insulation?
DNA, RNA and ATP are made of thousands of monomers called this.
What are nucleotides?
One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?
What is the synthesis of organic molecules?
Enzymes are specialized forms of this 3d biomolecule
What is a protein?
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
What is cohesive behavior? (capillary action may be accepted as an answer)
Cohesion means that water molecules are attracted to each other and attracted to other substances, adhesion, such as the walls of the xylem of plants. The water molecules behave this way because they are polar.
Electrons have this charge....
What is negative?
You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?
What is a carbohydrate?
The cell membrane is made of this fatty acid, with two fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.
What is a phospholipid?
At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
What is synthesis?
It ensures new cells have correctly duplicated DNA
The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?
What is the process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully reproduced or modeled in the laboratory?
Explanation: the Miller-Urey experiments have been tested many times in the laboratory and organic molecules have continued to be successfully formed from mixtures of gases.
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Describe the connection between these two statements.
What is enzymes function best at a specific temperature?
Explanation: enzyme activity is affected by temperature. Each enzyme has a specific temperature range in which it works most effectively. Most biological enzymes present in the human body have an ideal temperature range of around 98.6 degrees.
Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
As water freezes, its molecules spread apart into a specific arrangement that makes frozen water less dense than liquid water.
This number of elements can be bonded to Carbon simultaneously
What is four?
Animals store glucose in the form of this polysaccharide, where plants use this form.
What is glycogen and cellulose?
Identify the name of the process in which mRNA is used to make proteins.
What is translation?
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what macromolecule/biomolecule?
What are lipids?
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
How many is 4?
Explain why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage.
What is they were able to make more use of available energy?
An enzyme will not work if any of these variables are changed.
What is temperature, pH, shape of the enzyme, and/or shape of the substrate?
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
What is polarity and cohesion?
Explanation: water molecules are polar. This means that they have slight positive and negatively charged ends. Water molecules are attracted to a wide variety of molecules because of those charges and thus, acts as a solvent for a variety of compounds.
What 6 elements can be found in living organisms...
What is Sulfur, Phosphate, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Hydrogen?
CHONPS
What are carbohydrates used for in the body?
what is short term, fast energy?
Six functions of proteins include
What is storage, transport, tissue growth and repair, catalyze chemical reactions, regulatory?
Unlike most lipids, this lipid is NOT made of fatty acid, but instead, carbon.
What is a steroid?
Describe DNA after replication has taken place
What are two molecules, each with one original and one new strand? or What is semiconservative
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
What is a prokaryotic, anaerobe?
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
What is the reaction rate will increase?
Explanation: enzymes are molecules that increase the rate of reactions, by lowering the activation energy.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
What is high heat capacity?
Water can absorb a large amount of energy without a large rise in temperature. This is called heat capacity. As the sun shines on bodies of water, they absorb great amounts of its energy without a large fluctuation in temperature.