The Italian Renaissance
The __________ was a time of creativity and interest in learning and the arts that began in the 1300s.
Renaissance
By the 1400s, the Renaissance spread from Italy to __________.
Northern Europe
The Protestant __________ was a movement that challenged the authority and corruption of the Catholic Church.
Reformation
After the Reformation started, religious __________ spread across much of Europe.
conflict
Ideas from the Renaissance helped inspire the __________ __________, a period of great advances in science.
Scientific Revolution
The Renaissance began in the country of __________.
Italy
The playwright __________ is considered the greatest writer of the Renaissance.
Shakespeare
__________ was a German monk who began the Reformation by criticizing the sale of indulgences.
Martin Luther
In response to the Reformation, the __________ __________ tried to defend its authority.
Catholic Church
The discoveries of __________ and __________ challenged the Church’s teachings about the universe.
Copernicus, Galileo
The intellectual movement known as __________ emphasized education, classical learning, and individual achievement.
The invention of the __________ helped spread ideas and knowledge quickly across Europe.
Printing Press
The Catholic Church often sold __________ as a way to pardon sins in exchange for money.
indulgences
Queen __________ of England worked to create religious __________ in her country.
Elizabeth, unity
During the Scientific Revolution, Europeans began to study __________ more closely using reason and evidence.
nature
__________ was a celebrated artist of the Renaissance who combined religious themes with classical influence.
Michelangelo
The printing press helped spread Renaissance and Reformation __________ to more people.
knowledge
__________ believed society should be run as a __________, or government led by religious leaders.
John Calvin, theocracy
Many different __________ __________ developed during the Reformation, leading to new branches of Christianity.
Protestant sects
Thinkers like Francis __________ developed the __________ __________, which relied on observation and experimentation.
Bacon, scientific method