Epithelial
What are the shapes and layers of epithelial tissue?
Shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Layers: simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer)
What 3 characteristics make connective tissue different from other primary tissues?
1. Mesenchyme as the common tissue of origin
2. Varying degrees of vascularity
3. Have an extracellular matrix
What is muscle tissue excited by?
Neural tissue
What do nerve cells do?
Generate and conduct information
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine: ductless, secrete products directly to the extracellular space, and hormones travel via blood
Exocrine: secretes products into ducts (sweat, mucus, milk, bile), serous or mucus secretions
What and where is transitional stratified epithelium, and why is it important to this part of the body?
What: layers of cuboidal and columnar tissue together
Where: bladder
Why: specialized to withstand changes in tension and allows the bladder to stretch with urine and shrink back to its original size
What are the types and characteristics (structural component, thickness, strength, and flexibility) of the different extracellular protein fibers?
Collagenous: made of collagen, thick, high tensile strength, slightly flexible
Elastic: made of elastin, medium thick, medium tensile strength, very flexible
Reticular: made of collagen, thin, low tensile strength, low flexibility
What types of muscle tissue are mononucleated?
Cardiac and smooth muscle
What is the role of the neuroglial?
Supporting, insulating, and protecting neurons
What is our external membrane, and what are our internal membranes?
External: Integumentum (composed of epithelial and connective)
Internal: Mucous and Serous
Name all 6 functions of epithelial tissue
Protection, secretion, excretion, absorption, filtration, and sensory functions
Name the 6 functions of the connective tissue
Binding organs, support, protection, insulation, storage, transportation
Describe the differences in the structure, location, and control of skeletal and smooth muscle tissue
Skeletal: striated, multinucleated, attached to bone, voluntary control
Smooth: non-striated, mononucleated, visceral muscle/hollow organs, involuntary control
What part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?
Dendrites
Name the different body cavities where serous membranes can be found versus mucous membranes?
Mucous: digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive
Serous: parietal and visceral
What lateral contacts bind adjacent epithelial cells, and what do they do?
Tight junctions: create a watertight seal to control the movement of substances between cells
Desmosomes: strong "spot welds" or anchoring junctions that resist mechanical stress
What is ground substance (ECM)?
Gel-like, non-living, and non-fibrous portion of the connective tissue that fills the spaces between cells and protein fibers
Consists of ECF, interstitial fluid, adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans
Why isn't the nervous system required to initiate cardiac muscle contraction?
Cardiac cells are autorhythmic (self-regulated) and generate their own electrical impulses for contraction
What is the long fiber that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body?
The axon
Name the 4 different categories of multicellular exocrine glands and provide the name of the unicellular exocrine gland
Multicellular exocrine glands: simple, compound, acinar, and tubular
Unicellular exocrine gland: goblet cell
Compare and contrast the cilia and microvilli of the epithelial tissue
Both are found on the apical surface of the epithelial cells
Cilia help move cells and fluids across the surface and help with secretion and excretion
Microvilli help increase the surface area of the cell and help with absorption (as well as secretion)
Name all 12 types of connective tissue
Loose areolar, loose adipose, loose reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, dense elastic, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, compact bone, spongy bone, blood (& lymph!)
Draw out and describe the structure of the 3 different types of muscle tissue
Skeletal: striated, multinucleated, big fibers
Cardiac: striated, mononucleated, branched
Smooth: non-striated, mononucleated, spindle-shaped
Draw and label a neuron
Dendrites, soma of neuron, axon, axon terminal
Compare the serous and mucous membranes (where it lines the body, what it produces, and its function)
Mucous: lines body cavities and tracts open to the external environment, produces thick mucus fluid, functions for absorption, secretion, and protection
Serous: lines body cavities closed to the external environment, produces watery serous fluid, functions for lubrication and friction reduction