Immigration to Canada
What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
Immigration means moving into a country. Emigration means leaving a country.
What does the M in MAIN stand for?
Militarism: building up armies and weapons.
What is assimilation?
Forcing or pressuring a group to adopt another culture.
Which battle is associated with Canadian troops facing chlorine gas attacks in 1915?
The Second Battle of Ypres.
What does the term homefront mean?
The people and activities supporting the war inside Canada.
What is enlistment?
Voluntarily joining the military.
Why did Canada need Chinese workers to help build the Canadian Pacific Railway?
The railway needed a large workforce to complete the difficult construction, especially in western Canada.
What does the A in MAIN stand for?
Alliances: agreements between countries to support one another.
What was the purpose of residential schools?
They were created to assimilate Indigenous children by separating them from their families and communities and pressuring them to abandon their cultures.
Which battle saw all four Canadian divisions fight together to capture a heavily defended ridge?
The Battle of Vimy Ridge.
What is total war?
A war in which a country mobilizes its people and resources to support the war effort.
What is conscription?
Compulsory military service.
What was the Chinese head tax?
A fee charged to Chinese immigrants entering Canada. It discriminated against Chinese people and made immigration more difficult.
What does the I in MAIN stand for?
Imperialism: competition for colonies, land, and resources.
What was no man's land?
The dangerous area between opposing trenches.
Which 1917 battle is remembered for deep mud and the capture of a ruined village?
The Battle of Passchendaele.
Why did the government introduce the War Measures Act?
To give the federal government broad emergency powers during wartime.
Why did Prime Minister Robert Borden introduce conscription in 1917?
Canada needed more soldiers as casualties increased and fewer volunteers were available.
What is a push factor? Give one possible example.
A reason someone leaves their home country, such as war, persecution, poverty, or lack of jobs.
What does the N in MAIN stand for?
Nationalism: strong pride and loyalty toward one's nation.
What was trench foot?
A painful condition caused by prolonged exposure to cold, wet conditions.
Which battle resulted in massive casualties but very little territorial gain?
The Battle of the Somme.
What is censorship?
Controlling what information people can access or share.
Why did many French Canadians oppose conscription?
Many felt less connected to Britain's war effort and opposed being forced to fight overseas; opposition also reflected language, cultural, and political tensions.
What is a pull factor? Give one possible example.
A reason someone is attracted to a new country, such as job opportunities, safety, or a chance at a better life.
How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to a larger war?
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia supported Serbia, and alliances and declarations of war drew more countries into the conflict.
Name three realities or challenges of trench warfare.
Possible answers include mud, disease, rats, lice, trench foot, shelling, gas attacks, poor living conditions, and the danger of crossing no man's land.
Why is Vimy Ridge often considered important to Canada's identity?
The coordinated success of all four Canadian divisions became a powerful symbol of Canadian achievement and identity.
A poster says, 'Your country needs YOU!' What is its purpose, and how might it influence people?
To encourage enlistment. It appeals to patriotism, duty, or personal responsibility and may pressure people to join.
Name two conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles and explain its main goal.
Germany faced reparations payments and military restrictions, among other conditions. The treaty formally settled the war and aimed to establish peace; the League of Nations was created to encourage international cooperation and help prevent future wars.