Chapter 40: Caring for People with Disabilities
the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain is known as what condition
hydrocephalus
How is this treated?
what is a phobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme, abnormal fear of a situation or object
What is a social phobia?
what is the permanent and progressive loss of mental functions (such as thinking, reasoning, and remember), caused by damage to the brain tissue called?
dementia
what's the difference between dementia and delirium?
what is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by protein deposits in the brain called plaques and tangles
Alzheimer disease
Name 2 risk factors for Alzheimer disease.
ADL
activity of daily living
what physical characteristics might a person with Down syndrome have?
upward slanting eyes, small hands and short fingers, large tongue in a small mouth, small wide nose, short stature and wide, short neck
What is Down syndrome?
an eating disorder characterized by an extremely reduced food intake is called
anorexia nervosa
What signs might a person exhibit with this?
name TWO common behaviors that might be seen with someone with dementia
wandering, pacing, repetition, rummaging, delusions and hallucinations, agitation, catastrophic reactions, sundowning, inappropriate sexual behaviors
what type of technique stresses the importance of acknowledging the person with dementia's reality and not correcting them or trying to bring them back to the "hear and now"
validation therapy
what is reminiscence therapy?
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
what condition might occur to a baby if exposed to alcohol before birth
fetal alcohol syndrome
Is this considered a congenital or acquired disability?
one of your patients insists that they are the Blessed Virgin Mary, what are they experiencing?
delusion
what's the difference between a delusion and a hallucination?
what is sundowning?
increased confusion, restlessness, and insecurity that occur late in the day, as it becomes darker outside
How can we help someone who is experiencing sundowning?
what is a catastrophic reaction?
a response to a situation that is more extreme than would normally be expected
How would you respond if a patient does this in your presence?
OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder
What developmental disorder results from damage to the cerebrum?
Cerebral palsy
A person with cerebral palsy might have difficulty with what type of control?
name TWO physical sign or symptom that may be caused by anxiety
sleeplessness, fatigue, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, change in appetite, restlessness, irritability
when communicating with someone with dementia, what is the best approach to take?
speak clearly, in a calm tone of voice, use reminders at each step of the process, use hand gestures with spoken instructions.
Name a type of therapy that can be effective for dementia.
name a type of therapy that can help meet the emotional needs of someone with dementia
reminiscence therapy, activity therapy, music therapy, pet therapy
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
when caring for someone with a developmental disability, name TWO THINGS that might be helpful when communicating with them
asking family members what techniques work at home, use simple words/phrases, nonverbal communication such as a nod, smile, or positive body language
Name TWO coping mechanisms that might provide short term relief but are generally ineffective
nail biting, pacing, overeating, not eating enough, smoking, abusing drugs, abusing alcohol
what are the 4 A's of dementia
amnesia, aphasia, agnosia, apraxia
Describe one.
when helping someone with dementia with their ADLs, what should we remember?
keep established routine, prepare for the procedure ahead of time, and that many ADLs are frightening for frustrating for the patient
what happens in the late stage of dementia?
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990