Positive Psychology
What do we call negative stress?
Distress
What is the name of the manual Published by American Psychiatric Association that is used to diagnose disorders?
DSM
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms?
Positive symptoms: Additions to normal behavior (e.g., hallucinations, delusions)
Negative symptoms: Absence or reduction of normal behavior (e.g., flat affect, lack of motivation)
What do we call the process of moving people from hospitals to community care?
Deinstitutionalization
What perspective focuses on the brain, genes, and nervous system?
Biological
What do we call positive stress?
Eustress
What are the 3 D’s of psychological disorders?
Distress, Dysfunction, Deviance
What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?
Obsessions: Intrusive, unwanted thoughts
Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions
What does “free association” involve?
A psychoanalytic technique where patients say whatever comes to mind without censorship.
What perspective focuses on learned behaviors through experience?
Behavioral
What is the stress response (especially seen in females) that involves caring for themselves and others and seeking social support?
Tend & Befriend Theory
What is the name of the model that highlights how disorders develop by taking into account natural vulnerability and environmental stressors?
Diathesis-Stress Model
What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?
Hallucinations: False sensory perceptions (seeing/hearing things not there)
Delusions: False beliefs despite evidence to the contrary
What is the treatment called where patients learn to control body functions like heart rate?
Biofeedback
What perspective focuses on unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences?
Psychodynamic
Name the 2 categories of coping mechanisms and provide one example of each.
Problem-Focused Coping (Studying for a test)
Emotion-Focused Coping (Taking a bubble bath)
What do we call the disorder where an individual has multiple distinct identities?
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
What is the dopamine hypothesis and what category of disorders is it linked to?
Suggests that overactivity of dopamine in the brain is linked to schizophrenia spectrum disorders
What do we call the process of changing negative thinking patterns?
Cognitive Restructuring
What perspective focuses on thinking, memory, and problem-solving?
Cognitive
What are the 3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm – Immediate reaction to stress (fight-or-flight)
Resistance – Body adapts and attempts to cope with the stressor
Exhaustion – Resources are depleted; increased risk of illness
Name 1 disorder in each of the 3 personality clusters: A, B, and C.
Cluster A (odd/eccentric): e.g., Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B (dramatic/emotional): e.g., Borderline, Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Cluster C (anxious/fearful): e.g., Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
What are the 2 forms of catatonia?
Withdrawn: Immobility/unresponsiveness
Excited/Hyperkinetic: Excessive, purposeless movement
Name and explain 3 of the 5 ethical principles.
Beneficence & Nonmaleficence: Help others and do no harm
Fidelity & Responsibility: Build trust and uphold professional standards
Integrity: Promote honesty and accuracy
Justice: Ensure fairness and equal access
Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity: Protect privacy and autonomy
What perspective focuses on personal growth and self-fulfillment?
Humanistic