Natural Selection
True or false: Natural selection acts on traits that are acquired during an organism's lifetime.
False
Name one type of molecular evidence that supports evolution?
DNA/protein sequence similarity
What is speciation?
the formation of a new species
False
What does the variety of tools represent in the lab?
What is meant by "survival of the fittest"
Organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Which type of fossil evidence shows the transition from one species to another?
Transitional fossils
What is an adaptation?
A trait that increases an organism's fitness in its environment.
True or false: individual organisms evolve during their lifetime.
False
What do the various seeds represent?
different types of food sources in the environment
What are the four main components of natural selection?
Variation, inheritance, overproduction, differential survival/reproduction
What are homologous structures?
Body parts with similar structures but different functions, showing common ancestry.
Give an example of a behavioral isolation mechanism.
Different mating calls in bird species.
Why is it incorrect to say humans evolved from monkeys?
humans and monkeys share a common ancestor
What is the main concept the lab demonstrates about natural selection?
Finches with Beaks better suited to available food survive and reproduce more
What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
Artificial selection is driven by humans; natural selection is driven by the environment.
Give an example of a vestigial structure in humans.
appendix, tailbone
What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric: physical barrier; sympatric: no physical barrier
What animals' color evolution in England is an example of industrial melanism?
peppered moth
What happens to a population of Finches when the food type changes?
The Finches best adapted to the new food survive and pass on the traits
What kind of selection favors the average phenotype over extremes?
Stabilizing selection
What structures show convergent evolution between organisms?
Analogous structures
What term describes when individuals choose mates based on traits?
Sexual selection
What bacterial process is a modern-day example of rapid evolution due to natural selection?
Antibiotic resistance
Why is competition important in the Beaks of Finches lab?
It shows how limited resources lead to natural selection among organisms with different traits.