Origins & Locations
Before the Romans arrived, these two main peoples already lived on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
The Iberians and the Celts
Iberian houses were usually this shape and were built in rows to form streets.
Rectangular
Celtic settlements with defensive walls built on high ground were called these.
Castros
This group founded trading posts such as Gadir, Sexi, Malaca, and Abdera.
The Phoenicians
Both Iberians and Celts were organised into these social groups.
Tribes
From the 6th century BC, this people lived mainly in the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Iberians
These three crops were especially important in the Iberian economy.
Cereals, grapes, and olives
The Celts reached Iberia from this part of Europe.
Central Europe
This group founded colonies such as Rhode, Hemeroskopeion, and Emporion.
The Greeks
Unlike the Celts, the Iberians had developed this system for recording language.
Writing
This people lived mainly in the north and west and built circular castros on high ground.
The Celts
Iberian tribes were led by this kind of ruler.
A king or chieftain
This activity with animals was a major part of the Celtic economy.
Livestock farming
This group took control of old Phoenician posts and founded Carthago Nova.
The Carthaginians
Both Iberians and Celts built many settlements in this type of defensive location.
On high ground
This mixed culture developed in central Spain after Celtic migrants mixed with indigenous populations.
The Celtiberians
Because of contact with Phoenicians and Greeks, the Iberians developed these two important tools of exchange and communication.
Their own currency and writing
These simple stone sculptures of bulls and pigs marked grazing areas or protected livestock.
Verracos
Tartessos traded especially with these two colonising peoples.
The Phoenicians and the Greeks
These four metals made Tartessos rich and important.
Copper, silver, tin, and gold
The Phoenicians mainly settled on this part of Iberia.
The southern and southeastern coast
Iberian deities were mainly this gender, and offerings were made in sanctuaries near settlements.
Female
These gold neck ornaments showed power among the Celts.
Torques
Of the three colonising groups, this one was most likely to fight and conquer territory.
The Carthaginians
This kingdom in the Guadalquivir valley became powerful through metal wealth, trade, and a strong location.
Tartessos