Photosynthesis
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To release energy from food to make ATP.
Which type of respiration requires oxygen?
Aerobic respiration.
What molecule stores genetic instructions in living organisms?
DNA
What is the twisted ladder shape of DNA called?
Double helix
In DNA, adenine always pairs with which nitrogenous base?
Thymine
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light reactions and light-independent reactions.
What molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration.
Where is most DNA found inside a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is the basic building block, or monomer, of DNA?
Nucleotide
In DNA, cytosine always pairs with which nitrogenous base?
Guanine
What are the major reactants needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and light energy.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain.
Which process produces more ATP: aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration.
What is a section of DNA that contains instructions for making a functional product, usually a protein?
Gene
What two substances form the sides, or backbone, of the DNA ladder?
Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What is the complementary DNA strand for A T G C C A?
T A C G G T
What are the major products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen.
What are the main reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen.
What is one real-world example of anaerobic respiration in animals?
Muscle cells during intense exercise.
What structures are made of DNA packaged with proteins and contain many genes?
Chromosomes
Name all three components of a DNA nucleotide.
Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
A DNA strand is A T G C A A. A student writes its complement as T A C G G T. What should the correct complementary strand be?
T A C G T T
How does photosynthesis store energy in chemical bonds?
By forming glucose molecules that store energy in their chemical bonds.
What are the main products of cellular respiration?
ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
Why do cells switch to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is limited?
To continue making ATP when oxygen is not available.
Arrange these from smallest to largest: chromosome, nucleotide, gene.
Nucleotide → Gene → Chromosome
What type of chemical bond holds complementary nitrogenous bases together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
A DNA molecule contains 30% adenine. What percentage of its bases must be guanine?
20%