Unit 1

Foundations of Biology

100

What elements does the polymer cellulose contain?

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

200

Which two nitrogenous bases are considered purines?

guanine and adenine

300

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

400

What are the two domains that prokaryotes are classified as belonging to?

bacteria and archaea

500

____________________ requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success

What is natural selection

Potpourri

100

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a _________________

population

200

_____________ are substances that help resist shifts in pH by both donating H+ to a solution when bases are added and accepting H+ when acids are added.

Buffers

300

What type of bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

What are peptide bonds

400

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar

500

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

40%

Functional Groups

100

This group is identified by the addition of an -C=O group. Often referred to as a ketone.

What is a carbonyl group

200

This group is identified by the addition of an -NH2 group. Often referred to as an amine.

What is an amino group

300

This group is identified by the addition of an -OH group. Often referred to as an alcohol.

What is a hydroxyl group

400

This group is identified by the addition of an -COOH group. Often referred to as an organic acid.

What is a carboxyl group

500

This group is identified by the addition of an -SH group. Often referred to as a thiol.

What is a sulfhydryl group

Chemistry

100

What type of bond might be formed from an atom of an element that has 12 protons?

An ionic bond

200

Explain why the atomic mass of carbon is slightly over 12 daltons.

Atomic mass is determined by the percentage of the isotopes of each element

300

This has a direct cause to the reactivity of an atom

What is the existence of unpaired electrons in the outer shell

400

What type of reaction occurs when cells make polymers from monomers?

dehydration/codensation reaction

500

Explain why each element is unique and different from other elements with respect to its chemical properties.

Each element has a unique number of protons.