Macromolecules
Enzymes
DNA
Food Pyramids & Energy Flow
Food Webs & Protein Synthesis
100
What are the monomer building blocks that link together to make proteins?
What are Amino acids?
100
What type of macromolecule class do biological enzymes belong to?
What are proteins?
100
What is the primary life function of nucleic acids like DNA?
What is to store and transmit genetic information?
100
Which group of organisms sits at the base of an energy pyramid?
What are Autotrophs / Primary Producers (e.g., tall grass, plants)?
100
What digestive chemical process uses water molecules to break down large food polymers into monomers?
What is Hydrolysis?
200
What are lipids made up of?
What is fatty acids and glycerol?
200
How do enzymes speed up metabolic chemical reactions inside living cells?
What is lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur?
200
What three structural components make up a single DNA nucleotide monomer?
What is a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
200
What percentage of available energy passes from one trophic level up to the next?
What is 10%?
200
How is a rabbit categorized based on its nutritional role when it feeds exclusively on dandelions?
What is a heterotroph and a primary consumer (herbivore)?
300
Which class of organic macromolecules serves as long-term energy storage, forms cell membranes, and provides body insulation?
What are lipids?
300
What is the specific term for the region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind?
What is the Active site?
300
According to base pairing rules, which nitrogenous base complements Guanine (G)?
What is Cytosine (C)?
300
What happens to the remaining 90% of energy that is not transferred to the next higher trophic level?
What is it is used by organisms for daily life processes (metabolism, movement) or lost to the environment as heat and waste?
300
If a disease drastically reduces the rabbit population in Yellowstone National Park, how will this directly affect the eagle population that eats them?
What is the eagle population will decrease due to a reduction in their primary food source?
400
What are the main atoms of a protein molecule?
What are Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen?
400
What happens to the structure and function of stomach enzyme pepsin if it moves into an environment with a basic pH of 8.0?
What denatures (its active site changes shape), preventing substrate binding and reducing reaction rates?
400
If a single strand of DNA reads T - G - A - C, what is the sequence of its complementary strand?
What is A- C- T- G?
400
If producers generate 1,500,000 kcal of energy, how much energy is available to secondary consumers?
What is 15,000 kcal?
400
Which chemical element must be incorporated into glucose subunits (C₆H₁₂O₆) to synthesize amino acids for protein production?
What is Nitrogen (N)?
500
9618)
The diagram below represents a process taking place in a cell.
The type of organic molecule that is being synthesized is
What is protein?
500
Explain the structural difference in function between a digestive enzyme and a synthesis enzyme.
What is A digestive enzyme breaks down complex substrate polymers into smaller monomers, whereas a synthesis enzyme bonds smaller substrate monomers together into larger polymers.
500
What chemical bond holds complementary nitrogenous base pairs together across the center of the double helix?
What is hydrogen bonds?
500
Why are populations of apex predators (like eagles) significantly smaller than populations of herbivores (like rabbits) in an ecosystem?
What is because 90% of energy is lost at each step up the pyramid, leaving very little energy available at the top trophic level to support large predator populations?
500
Explain the main difference between how energy behaves in an ecosystem and how chemical elements (matter) behave.
What is energy flows in a one-way direction and is continuously lost as heat, whereas elements cycle repeatedly through producers, consumers, and decomposers?