Pathophysiology
What is the term for the body's adjustments to correct imbalances and maintain a steady-state environment?
Compensation
At what age does the posterior fontanelle typically close?
2 or 3 months
a means of correcting blockage of the airway by the tongue by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
What is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Diffusion
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating homeostasis?
Medulla Oblongata
What reflex causes an infant to throw their arms out and spread their fingers when startled?
Moro reflex
a means of correcting blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head or neck.
jaw-thrust maneuver
What is the term used for the process of inhaling and exhaling?
Ventilation
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Producing ATP
What is the term for an infant's sense that their needs will be met?
Bonding
What condition is commonly associated with bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm?
Asthma
What condition is characterized by low levels of oxygen in the body?
Hypoxia
What process converts glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobic metabolism
What percentage of an infant's total body weight is their head at birth?
25%
How should a conscious, severely choking adult be treated?
Abdominal thrusts
What condition is characterized by no chest or abdominal rise and fall, and no evidence of air being moved from the mouth or nose?
Respiratory arrest
What is a by-product of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactic acid
What is the typical heart rate range for preschool-aged children?
70–120/minute
How many back slaps should be delivered to a choking infant before switching to chest thrusts?
5
Special sensors in the cardiovascular system that detect increasing levels of carbon dioxide and low levels of oxygen.
Chemoreceptors
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood take place?
Alveoli
What is a common term used to refer to late adulthood?
Twilight years
What is the recommended head position for most supraglottic airway insertions?
Sniffing position
What is the recommended ventilation rate for adults?
Approximately 10–12 per minute
The body’s inability to circulate blood adequately to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients, which is a life-threatening condition.
Shock also known as hypoperfusion.
What age range is considered school age?
6-12 years
What sound is typically caused by severely restricted air movement in the upper airway?
Stridor
A device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately.
BVM
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate ∙ stroke volume).
cardiac output
At what age do girls typically finish growing?
16
A tube protected by 16 rings of cartilage that carries air from the glottic opening to the bronchi.
Trachea
A device inserted into the airway to help channel air to the trachea and maintain airway patency.
Airway Adjunct
A condition in which the thyroid gland over produces its hormone
Graves' disease
What is the leading cause of death in early adulthood?
Accidents
use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway.
suctioning
What is the recommended oxygen inlet flow for a BVM system?
15 liters per minute
A type of disorder that can seriously impact both hydration levels and nutrient transfer.
Digestive disorder
Which body system becomes less efficient in late adulthood, leading to decreased blood volume?
Cardiovascular system
an airway (passage from nose or mouth to lungs) that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body.
patent airway
A method to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled air to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement
Capnometry