CELLS
This structure contains the genetic information of eukaryotic cells.
What is the nucleus?
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
What is diffusion?
This lipid forms the basic structure of cell membranes.
What is a phospholipid?
The cell's immediate energy currency.
What is ATP?
The process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
These structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and make proteins.
What are ribosomes?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This type of fat contains one or more double bonds.
What is an unsaturated fat?
The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
The first stage of cellular respiration.
What is glycolysis?
The three statements that make up this theory explain the basic principles of life.
What is Cell Theory?
This type of transport requires ATP.
What is active transport?
The hydrophilic part of a phospholipid.
What is the phosphate head?
These reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones.
What are anabolic reactions?
This molecule carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is NADH?
As cell size increases, this ratio decreases and limits cell size.
What is the surface area-to-volume ratio?
A glucose molecule moves through a membrane protein from high concentration to low concentration. This process is called:
What is facilitated diffusion?
This class of lipids includes cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen.
What are steroids?
This type of reaction releases free energy.
What is an exergonic reaction?
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
What is oxygen?
A cell contains DNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane but lacks membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is it?
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions into an area where sodium concentration is already high. This movement is:
What is active transport against the concentration gradient?
Explain why olive oil is liquid at room temperature while butter is solid.
Olive oil contains unsaturated fats with double bonds that create bends, preventing tight packing. Butter contains saturated fats that pack tightly together.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering this energy barrier.
What is activation energy?
Most ATP is produced during this stage of cellular respiration.
What is oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)?