The Market Revolution
Until 1793, the marketing of cotton had been slowed by the laborious task of removing seeds from the plant itself. But in that year, Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate working in Georgia as a private tutor, invented the ____________
cotton gin
"....the right of our ______________ _________________ to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us....." John O'Sullivan
Manifest Destiny
Called the _______________ by opponents, Jackson introduced this principle of rotation in office into national government, making loyalty to the party the main qualification for jobs like postmaster and customs official.
"the spoils system"
This phrase was how whites in the antebellum South used to indirectly refer to slavery without using the word “slavery”.
the "peculiar institution"
After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
Frederick Douglass
The completion in 1825 of the 363-mile ____________ across upstate New York allowed goods to flow between the Great Lakes and New York City. Almost instantaneously, an influx of farmers migrated from New England, giving birth to cities like Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse along its path.
Erie Canal
These popular religious revivals known as _____________________ swept the country and added a religious underpinning to the celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination.
The Second Great Awakening
Jackson’s ________________ — an informal group of advisers who helped to write his speeches and supervise communication between the White House and local party officials—mostly consisted of newspaper editors.
Kitchen Cabinet
The massive trade of slaves from the upper South (Virginia and Chesapeake) to the lower South (Gulf states) that took place from 1820-1860 has been called _________________________.
The Second Middle Passage
The ______________, a loose organization of sympathetic abolitionists who hid fugitives in their homes and sent them on to the next “station,” assisted some runaway slaves. A few courageous individuals made forays into the South to liberate slaves.
Underground Railroad
This invention made possible upstream commerce (that is, travel against the current) on the country’s major rivers as well as rapid transport across the Great Lakes and, eventually, the Atlantic Ocean. By 1811, it had been introduced on the Mississippi River; twenty years later some 200 plied its waters.
the steamboat
The Mormons were founded in the 1820s by _________________, a farmer in upstate New York who as a youth began to experience religious visions. He claimed to have been led by an angel to a set of golden plates covered with strange writing. He translated and published them as The Book of Mormon, after a fourth-century prophet.
Joseph Smith
It raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool as well as on raw materials such as iron. It had aroused considerable opposition in the South, nowhere more than in South Carolina, where it was called ________________
the tariff of abominations
Southern planters’ values glorified not the competitive capitalist marketplace but a hierarchical, agrarian society in which slaveholding gentlemen took personal responsibility for the physical and moral well-being of their dependents—women, children, and slaves. This outlook, known as ____________ (from the Latin word for “father”), had been a feature of American slavery even in the eighteenth century.
paternalism
The _________________ was a Spanish slave ship that was taken over by the slaves in 1839. They tried to sail back to Africa but the navigator tricked them and ended up taking them to America (Long Island). John Quincy Adams represented the slaves on the ship in court and won them their freedom in 1841.
Amistad
The telegraph made possible instantaneous communication throughout the nation. The device was invented during the 1830s by __________ , an artist and amateur scientist living in New York City, and was put into commercial operation in 1844. Within sixteen years, some 50,000 miles of telegraph wire had been strung.
Samuel F. B. Morse
a group of New England intellectuals known as ________________, insisted on the primacy of individual judgment over existing social traditions and institutions.
the transcendentalists
This law entitled ________________ , provided funds for uprooting the so-called Five Civilized Tribes—the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—with a population of around 60,000 living in North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi.
Indian Removal Act of 1830
On average, how many slaves did most southern slaveholders own?
Fewer than five slaves.
“He studied the Bible a great deal,” recalled one of his followers, “and tried to prove from it that slavery and bondage is against the Bible.” He also quoted the Declaration of Independence, pored over newspaper reports of the debates in Congress regarding the Missouri Compromise, and made pronouncements like “all men had equal rights, blacks as well as whites.”
Denmark Vesey, former slave that was a carpenter, preacher and supposed conspirer of a failed rebellion
Known as the _______________________ this cotton-producing region, relied predominantly on slave labor, that spanned from North Carolina west to Louisiana and reached as far north as southern Illinois.
Cotton Kingdom
"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.”
What is the source of this?
from Henry David Thoreau's “Walden”
Not content to wait for the charter of the Bank of the United States to expire in 1836, Jackson authorized the removal of federal funds from its vaults and deposited them in select local banks. Since political and personal connections influenced which banks would receive these funds his opponents called them his ____________.
pet banks
Where were the largest plantations concentrated in the South?
The largest plantations were concentrated in coastal South Carolina and along the Mississippi River.
By the time the militia put down this uprising, about eighty slaves had joined his band, and some sixty whites had been killed. _____________ was subsequently captured and, with seventeen other rebels, condemned to die. Asked before his execution whether he regretted what he had done, he responded, “Was not Christ crucified?”
Nat Turner