Lesson 1&3: Integumentary & Skeletal System
What is the integumentary system?
the skin and appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands)
what are the functions of the skin (epidermis)?
protection, sensations, temperature regulation, excretion, production of Vitamin D
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells that make up majority of the bone structure
what is the axial skeleton?
the central axis of the body, containing the skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebrae (80 bones)
what is flexion?
bending motion that decreases the angle of a joint
what is the largest organ?
the skin
what is the bottom layer of the skin (epidermis)?
the stratum basale
what is compact bone made up of?
compact bone is made up of column-shaped osteons
what is the appendicular skeleton consist of?
the pectoral & pelvic girdles, containing the bones in the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders (80 bones)
what is the difference between extension and flexion?
extension is the straightening of a joint, where the angle of the joint is increasing. Flexion is the bending motion that decreases the angle of a joint.
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
support, protection, movement, manufacturing and storage
what is the top layer of the skin (epidermis)?
the stratum corneum
what is spongy bone made up of?
spongy bone is made up of "little beams" that are found along lines of stress for perfect resistance from compression
what do the primary and secondary curvatures of the spine allow?
it allows for better balance and distribution of weight throughout the body
what is the femur length?
typically 25% of a persons height
what types of bones are there?
irregular, short, long, sesamoid, flat
what happens when UV radiation mutates a skin cells DNA?
the cells begin to divide uncontrollably
where are spongy and compact bone located?
beneath the periosteum (connective tissue) is a thick layer of compact bone and at the end of the long bone is where you will find spongy bone
what do intervertebral discs do?
provide cushioning and absorb shock
what is a persons wingspan typically equal to?
it is typically equal to a persons height
where is the diaphysis and the epiphyses?
Diaphysis is the shaft, long part of the bone and the epiphyses is the end of the bone
how do melanocytes protect the body?
melanin protects the skin from harmful UV rays
what is the difference between specialds bone cells and canaliculi?
specialized bone cells build up and destroy bone, while canaliculi keeps the bone cells connected to nutrients
where and what is the vertebral column?
it extends from the skull to the pelvis and it provides support and protects the spinal cord, which runs through it
what are the 3 main type of bone fractures and what d they look like?
transverse- The fracture line is perpendicular to the shaft of the bone.
oblique- The fracture line is on an angle through the bone.
greenstick- The bone is not broken all the way through.