cases 1
1803 established Judicial Review as a result of the decision.
Marbury v Madison
1954 Used the 14th amendment to justify overturning the precedent "Separate but equal" from an earlier case.
Brown v Board of Education
1973 Used the idea of due process and equal right to privacy to adjust abortion laws.
Roe v Wade
Says 9/13 states are needed to ratify the constitution.
Article VII
The supreme court deciding if something is constitutional or unconstitutional.
Judicial review
1819 supremacy of the national government was upheld by not allowing states to tax federal institutions.
McCulloch v Maryland
1919 decided free speech does not apply to speech that can incite violence, or could present a danger to individuals or the nation.
Schenk V US
1961 handled the topic of outdated voting districts and decided the 14th amendment extends to the value of a vote.
Baker V Carr
Details how congress will be set up, and the powers it will have.
Article I
Due Process
1962 found that prayers in school violated the 1st amendment's anti-establishment clause.
Engel V Vitale
1963 Utilized the 14th amendment to validate the 6th amendment right to council extends to state courts. (A person can't be denied a public defender.)
Gideon V Wainwright
1969 Arm bands were decided to be protected speech that students could wear in silent protest at schools.
Tinker V Des Moines
Describes the relations between states, adding states, and what the national government does for the states.
Article IV
The supreme court taking on a case that challenges an existing precedent, and modifies laws or processes to adapt to current societal norms.
Judicial Activism
1971 Prior restraint is unconstitutional unless it poses a direct threat to national security. (The press can publish information about the government)
New York Times CO V US
1972 decided that the first amendment protection of religion overrides state interest to send children to school until the age of 16.
Wisconsin V Yoder
1993 Racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional and violates the 14th amendment.
Shaw V Reno
Details how to propose and ratify an amendment to the constitution.
Article V
The supreme court sticking to existing decisions and leaving societal changes to congress or the people.
Judicial Restraint
1995 Although this case handles firearms in schools, congress failed to argue the commerce clause as a justification for them to control guns.
US v Lopez
2010 decided that corporations have free speech rights. Stemmed from a dispute over a non-profit airing a political film.
Citizens United v FEC
2010 decided that state laws can't infringe on the second amendment right to bear arms.
McDonald V Chicago
Contains the Supremacy clause, making it clear that the federal government holds power over the states.
Article VI
The name for the system in which government branches use certain powers against each other to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
Checks and Balances