Cell Transport
The term that describes the diffusion of water across a cell membrane.
Osmosis
List at LEAST three membrane-bound organelles.
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, rough and smooth ER, lysosomes, vacuoles
(Ribosomes are NOT membrane-bound organelles)
What are cristae and what is their purpose?
Cristae are the fold of the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE. Their purpose is to increase the surface area.
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Lower activation energy
True or False:
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes and a plasma membrane
True
Which of the following does NOT require energy?
A. Active transport
B. Phagocytosis
C. Endocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion
D. Facilitated diffusion
What cellular organelle is most responsible producing ATP for the cell?
Mitochondria
Draw a picture of a chloroplast and label the following: outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid
*see drawing on guided notes #4
Enzymes are very specific and only interact with a certain substrate. At what location on an enzyme does a substrate bind?
Active site
List at LEAST three structural components of an animal cell membrane (*note: you should also be able to draw each of these components in the CORRECT locations)
1.) Phospholipids
2.) Transmembrane proteins
3.) Cholesterol
A cell has a solute concentration of 1.0 M while the surrounding solution has a concentration of 0.2 M.
-Is the SOLUTION hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic compared to the cell?
-Would the cell gain mass or loss mass?
-Hypotonic
-Gain mass
For each of the following organelles, state whether they are found in plants, animals, bacteria:
-Cell wall
-Chloroplast
-Mitochondria
-Cell wall = plants and bacteria
-Chloroplast = plants only
-Mitochondria = plants and animals
Draw a picture of a mitochondria and label the following: outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix.
*see drawing on guided notes #4
True or False:
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions have a lower ΔG value than reactions not catalyzed by enzymes.
False
Which cellular organelle releases hydrolytic enzymes during the process of apoptosis?
Lysosome
List the two examples of endocytosis discussed in class (*note: both of these require ATP energy to occur)
-Phagocytosis
-Pinocytosis
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H20 + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + O2
What is the function of the rough ER?
The rough ER makes/synthesizes proteins that LEAVE THE CELL or become embedded in cell membrane.
*the rough ER looks rough because it is "studded" with ribosomes.
Draw and label an allosteric enzyme (must include active site, allosteric site, and substrate)
see board
What was bubble wrap originally invented for?
Wallpaper
Which structure found embedded within the plasma membrane is important in identification (it allows cells to recognize self vs non-self so immune system, etc....doesn't attack your own cells)?
*this was on the online game we played in class earlier in this unit
Glycoprotein
A cell synthesizes a protein that functions EXTRACELLULARLY as a signaling molecule.
List the order of organelles used in the process of synthesizing this protein.
Nucleus --> rough ER --> Golgi body --> Plasma membrane
Provide three pieces of evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory.
1.) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA
2.) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes
3.) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane
List at LEAST two ENVIRONMENTAL conditions that impact enzyme activity.
-pH
-temperature
-substrate concentration
-presence of competitive or allosteric inhibitors
Only two species of mammals are known to lay eggs. List them.
1. Platypus
2. Echidna