Cell Structure and Function
What are some main organelle differences between a plant and animal cell?
Plants have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts while animal cells do not.
Animal cells have cilia and flagella when plant cells do not.
What are the SA and V formulas for spherical cells?
SA=4(pi)r^2
V=4/3(pi)r^3
Draw an unsaturated tail and a saturated tail and label them.
Saturated hydrophobic tails are straight and unsaturated ones are bent due to an extra H bond.
What does selectively permeable mean?
The cell membrane is picky about what can go into and out of the cell.
What is the equation for solute potential?
psi s = -iCRT
What organelle makes lipids?
The Smooth ER
What are glycoproteins?
Carbohydrates that are bound to proteins.
What are aquaporins?
A specific channel protein meant for water.
What is the equation for water potential?
psi = psi s + psi p
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms
Make sure you know the similarities between them eukaryotes and prokaryotes!
What are the SA and V formulas for cuboidal cells (multiple, not just a singular cell!)?
SA=height x width x number of sides x number of boxes
V=height x width x length x number of boxes
What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?
What is the difference between a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic cells in solution?
Hypertonic - cell shrivels because water is leaving the cell
Hypotonic - cell swells and lyses because water is entering the cell
Isotonic - cell stays the same because the water [] is the same inside and out of the cell
If you have a singular cuboidal cell with a side of 3, what would its SA/V ratio be?
V=S^3 = 3^3 = 27
SA/V= 54/27 = 2
What does amphipathic mean?
The molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Draw and describe the two types of proteins utilized in facilitated diffusion.
Channel proteins - straight path
Carrier proteins - look like a pacman and open and close to different sides
Why would the ionization constant for sucrose be 1 and the ionization constant for NaCl is 2?
Sucrose doesn't split apart into different ions. Salt splits into Na+ and Cl-.
Describe the stages of a protein from where it is created to when it is released from the cell.
Ribosomes on Rough ER then Golgi for packaging then secretory vesicle to leave and then through the plasma membrane
What would the SA/V ratio be of a spherical cell with a radius of 4?
SA = 4 x 3.14 x 4^2 = 201.06
V = 4/3 x 3.14 x 4^3 = 268.08
SA/V = 201.06/268.08 = 0.75
What is plasmodesmata?
Hole-like structures in the cell wall filled with cytosol that connect adjacent cells in plant cells.
Explain how the sodium-potassium molecular pump works and draw an illustration.
●Sodium potassium pump
○Animal cells will regulate their relative concentrations of Na+ and K+
■3 Na+ get pumped out of the cell
■2 K+ get pumped into the cell
●Results in a +1 net charge to the extracellular fluid
The concentration of an NaCl solution is 0.6 M. This solution is in a beaker sitting on your desk in the open air. Calculate the solute potential at 25 degrees Celsius. Find your answer in bars.
psi s = -(2)(0.6)(0.0831)(298) = -29.72 bars