The Judiciary
This is the SCOTUS opinion that creates binding decisions that serve as precedent for future cases
What is Majority Opinion
The most powerful form of oversight that Congress has over the bureaucracy
What is the power to set the budget (power of the purse)
This court case defined (not created) the Supreme Court's informal power of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
When a court has the authority to hear a case first, act as a finder of facts, and decide the case
Original Jurisdiction
Hamilton argued that the judiciary would not over power other branches because they have no power of the "sword" or "purse" in this document.
Federalist 78
Supreme Court justices must be appointed by the _____________ and confirmed by the _____________
President, Senate
This law replaced the patronage system with employing federal workers based on merit
What is the Pendleton Act?
In this case, the Court struck down racially-based gerrymandering.
What is Shaw v. Reno?
Judicial decision that guides future courts in handling similar cases
The document that describes an Antifederalist rebuttal to the Federalist papers, such as how a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government
What is Brutus 1
This is practiced when courts overrule legislative acts or shape policy
What is judicial activism
Cabinet secretaries and the heads of other executive agencies are nominated by the President and must be confirmed by a ______________ vote in the Senate
Majority
This case established that teacher-led prayer in public schools was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the 1st amendment.
What is Engel v. Vitale
Congress provides this "check" on the bureaucracy, which involves reviewing, monitoring, and supervising federal agencies
What is oversight
This document proposes a single executive that will remain powerful (energetic) enough to make decisions and can easily be watched and checked
What is Federalist 70
Four Supreme Court justices agree to hear a case and grant certiorari
What is the "Rule of Four"
Federal agencies that are created by Congress to regulate and oversee a specific industry or sector
What are Independent Regulatory Commissions
In this case, the courts ruled 5-4 in favor of flag desecration as a form of free speech
What is Texas v. Johnson
Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
What is the Iron Triangle
This document proposed separating the government into three branches and describes checks and balances
What is Federalist 51
Latin for "let the decision stand" this concept guides the judiciary to rely heavily on precedents.
What is stare decisis?
This is an example of a company that is owned by the government but operates independently, similar to a private business
What is the United States Postal Service
This SCOTUS case established the principle of "one person, one vote"
What is Baker v. Carr
The power of bureaucrats to create regulations with the force of laws passed by Congress
What is Discretionary Authority
This document describes how a strong, united republic would be more effective than the individual states at controlling “factions”.
What is Federalist 10