Biodiversity
What term describes the total number of different species present in an ecosystem?
Species richness
Timber, wild food, and drinking water provided directly by nature are ___________ services.
provisioning
According to the Theory of Island Biogeography, do larger islands support more or fewer total species?
more species
What is the specific region on a tolerance graph where an organism thrives, grows, and reproduces best?
optimal range
What type of ecological succession begins on bare rock with no pre-existing soil?
primary succession
True or False: Ecosystems with higher biodiversity are more resilient to environmental disturbances
True
Revenue generated by ecotourism and national park entrance fees falls under which category
cultural services
Islands located closer to the mainland have higher species richness because they have higher rates of what?
Migration or colonization
If an abiotic factor moves outside an organism's optimal range into the zone of physiological stress, what happens to its reproduction?
decreases
slows
stops
Organisms such as lichens and mosses that first colonize bare rock and break it down into soil are called __________
pioneer species
What type of event occurs when a natural disaster drastically reduces population size and loss of genetic diversity?
Bottleneck event
Pollination and water purification by wetlands are classified under which category?
regulating services
Due to limited island territory and resources, island species are more likely to evolve into specialists or generalists?
specialists
Environmental disturbances like wet and dry seasons that occur with regular frequency are classified as what type of timeframe?
periodic
What is the final, stable community of shade-tolerant trees in ecological succession called?
climax community
Which measure of biodiversity compares the relative population balance between all species in a community?
Species evenness
Soil formation, photosynthesis, and nutrient cycling belong to which category
Supporting services
Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands evolved different beak shapes from a single common ancestor through what process?
Adaptive radiation
natural selection
evolution
Historically, major changes in global sea level over geological time have been driven by changes in the amount of _________.
glacial ice
glaciers
True or False - Individual organisms adapt rather than populations.
false
________ is the number of different habitats available in a given area?
Ecosystem diversity
True or false - Anthropogenic activities generally increase the monetary and ecological value of ecosystem services
false
Urban areas or isolated natural reserves surrounded by human development are referred to by what two-word term?
habitat islands
When an abiotic factor reaches the zone of intolerance, what is the outcome for an organism?
death
What is the primary mechanism that causes new traits to occur in a population?
random mutation