Reproduction
Name the type of reproduction that produces genetically identical offspring
Asexual
What is a 'clone'?
Genetically identical offspring
List the types of adaptations
Structural, behavioural, physiological
Define genetic diversity
The total number of genetically controlled characterisitics that appear in the phenotype of a species
Name the different symbiotic relationships
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Amenalism
List the 5 different methods of asexual reproduction
What are the three methods of cloning covered in class?
Genetic Cloning, SCNT and Embryo Splitting
Give an example of a behavioural adaptation and explain how it improves survival.
Answers will vary, but:
Seeking shade during the day to regulate body temperature and avoid skin damage
What must two organisms be able to do if they are the same species?
Reproduce and create viable and fertile offspring
What is meant by the term “interdependence” in ecosystems?
That all living organisms rely on each other
What is one advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Advantages: Does not require a mate, time and energy efficient, can rapidly grow population
Disadvantages: Genetically identical offspring are more vulnerable to environmental change or disease
How many individual sheep were involved in the cloning of Dolly?
3
Egg donor sheep – provided the egg cell, which had its nucleus removed.
Donor sheep – provided the somatic (udder) cell whose nucleus contained the DNA used to clone Dolly.
Surrogate mother sheep – carried the developing embryo and gave birth to Dolly.
What is an adaptation?
Adaptations are the phenotypic characteristics that enhances an organism’s survival within an environment
The range of conditions in which an organism can survive is known as the...
Tolerance range
Provide an example of a commensalistic relationship
One benefits and the other is not affected
What is the main benefit of sexual reproduction?
Increases genetic diversity within a species
Why is embryo splitting considered more natural than SCNT?
because it mimics a process that can occur naturally — the formation of identical twins.
Snakes produce venom in venom glands. When disturbed, a snake will coil and sometimes display its fangs before striking to deliver its venom.
Identify one of each type of adaptation from this example
Structural: Sharp fangs
Physiological: Producing venom in glands
Behavioural: Coiling and displaying fangs
Why is it important for the individuals within a species to have diversity in their tolerance ranges?
Because it increases the chances of the species surviving environmental changes.
What is a keystone species?
A keystone species is a species that has a large influence on its ecosystem
The somatic cell of a diploid plant contains 66 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you expect to see in the nucleus of an ovule from this plant that has just been fertilised by some pollen?
66
Why would cloning the individuals of an endangered species population be ill-advised?
Because it would reduce genetic diversity within the population.
This lack of variation makes the species more vulnerable to:
Diseases
Environmental changes
What biological process is the source of variation in a population? (this results in adaptation)
Mutation of DNA
Name two factors of sexual reproduction that contribute to genetic diversity
Provide an example of intraspecific competition and identify a resource they would be competing for
Competition within a species (two bears fighting for a mate)