General Knowledge
What are the 5 parts of a long bone?
Diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, medullary cavity
How many facial and cranial bones does the skull have?
8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones
True or False: The axial skeleton is composed of the upper and lower extremities (limbs), the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle
False; the axial skeleton is composed of the eight cranial bones, fourteen facial bones, 6 auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the 24 ribs, sternum, and the vertebral column.
What are all the bones that make up the wrist and how many are there?
Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform; 8 carpal bones
What bones compose the lower limbs and the pelvic girdle?
The pelvic girdle is composed of the two hip bones known as the coxae. The lower limbs are composed of the femur (thigh bone), tibia (leg bone), fibula (leg bone), 7 tarsal (foot) bones, 5 metatarsals, and 14 pedal phalanges.
Where do osteocytes live in compact bone?
Pockets in the osteons known as the lacunae.
What are the bones of the nasal cavity?
nasal bones, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, ethmoid bone, vomer bone, palatine bones
What are the different regions of the vertebral column and what is the function of the vertebral column?
The vertebral column has the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx regions that protect the spinal cord.
The ___ end of the clavicle articulates with the ___ of the scapula.
acromial (lateral); acromion process
List the 7 tarsal bones.
Talus (ankle), Calcaneus (heel), Cuboid, Navicular, Lateral Cuneiform, Intermediate Cuneiform, and Medial Cuneiform
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
What are the joints between the bones of the skull called?
sutures
What are the structures that compose the thoracic rib cage and what is its function?
The thoracic rib cage is composed of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebra. These form together to protect the heart and lungs.
What are the bones that make up the forearm and where are they located from one another in anatomical position?
Radius and Ulna; Radius is lateral and Ulna is medial
What type of bone is the patella and where it is found?
The patella is a sesmoid bone that is found in the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon.
Explain the difference between compact and spongy bone.
Compact bone tissue is formed of rings (osteons) of Calcium Phosphate, and spongy bone is formed from trabeculae.
What are the 4 different sutures?
coronal suture, lamboid suture, squamous suture, and sagittal suture
What are the differentiating characteristics of cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar vertebrae?
Cervical vertebrae are found composing the neck. C1 is known as Atlas and has no body while C2 is Axis that has the dens (odontoid process). Cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina on their transverse processes. The thoracic vertebrae help compose the rib cage. They have the distinguishing characteristic of having costal facets on the body so the head of the rib can articulate with the vertebra. The thoracic vertebra also has superior articular facets that are positioned anteriorly and posteriorly. The lumbar vertebra composes the lower back and has facets that are positioned medially and laterally.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pectoral girdle?
A. Attaches limbs to trunk
B. Immobile
C. Does NOT carry as much weight as the pelvic girdle
D. Contains the scapula and clavicle
B. Immobile
What forms the patellofemoral joint?
The patellofemoral joint is formed by the articulation of the patellar surface of the femur, an anterior depression of the femur found between the lateral and medial condyles, and the patella's articular surface.
How could you tell if a bone is from an adult or a child?
Adults have yellow bone marrow while children have red bone marrow.
What are the bones of the neurocranium and where are they located?
Frontal bone: Forehead or anterior skull bone
Parietal bones: Top of the head; Superior part of the skull
Occipital: Base of the skull; Inferior skull bone
Temporal: Lateral bones of the head; Temples
Ethmoid: Parts of the cranial, orbital, and nasal cavities
Sphenoid: Lateral sides of the head by temporal bones; parts of the orbital and cranial cavities
What are true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs?
True ribs are ribs 1-7 that attach directly to the sternum through their costal cartilages. Ribs 8-12 compose the false ribs. These ribs indirectly attach to the sternum through their costal cartilages. Their cartilages merge with a true rib’s costal cartilage to attach to the sternum. There are 2 pairs of floating ribs that do not make contact with the sternum but do attach to the thoracic vertebra.
When looking at the humerus anteriorly, what part of the bone articulates with the head of the radius at the inferior end of the humerus? Would that lie medial or lateral?
When looking at the anterior view of the humerus, the capitulum articulates with the head of the radius and this would lie lateral.
What three bones fuse to form the coxa? Where do these three bones fuse together?
The ilium, ischium, and pubis form the coxa. They fuse together at the anterior, lateral depression known as the acetabulum.