Cell organelles and Structure
What organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
Mitochondira
What is the main structural component of the cell membrane that forms a flexible barrier?
phospholipid bilayer
What ratio increases in importance as a cell gets larger and affects how efficiently materials move in and out?
Surface area to volume ratio
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
What organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
Golgi apparatus
What is passive transport?
Moves molecules from high to low concentration without using energy
Why must cells remain small to function?
Large cells have a low surface-area-to volume ration
What type of proteins span the membrane and help transport molecules across it?
Transport proteins
What organelle contains digestive enzymes used to break down macromolecules in animal cells?
Lysosome
What is active transport?
Requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient
What happens to diffusion efficiency as cell size increases?
It decreases
What type of vesicular transport brings materials INTO the cell by englufing them?
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and may be rough or smooth depending on ribosome attachment?
What type of transport uses membrane proteins but does NOT require ATP?
Facilitated diffusion
What physical factor limits the maximum size of a cell?
Surface area to volume ratio
What type of vesicular transport releases material OUT of the cell?
What structure is found in plant cells that is NOT a site of energy production but instead provides structural support and protection?
Cell wall
What process describes water moving across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration?
Osmosis
What mathematical relationship best explains why volume increases faster than surface area in cells?
Volume increases cubically while surface area increases squared
What property of the membrane allows it to selectively allow some molecules through but not others?