Cell Types
What is a cell? Where do they come from?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function that come from pre-existing cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
What are the two types of cell transport?
Passive and active transport
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In the chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What are the two categories of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
What is the difference between the cell membrane and the cell wall?
The cell membrane controls/regulates what comes in and out of the cell (in both plant and animal), while cell wall supports and provides protection for the plant cell only.
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion - movement of substance from high to low concentration with concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion - movement of substances using a protein/facilitator from high to low concentration with the concentration gradient.
Who does photosynthesis? Define the term.
Autotrophs also known as producers produce/make their own food using energy from the sun.
Who does cellular respiration? Define the terms.
all living things autotrophs (produce their own food) and heterotrophs (eat or consume others for food and energy)
What is the difference between multicellular and unicellular?
Multicellular - many cells
Unicellular - one cell
What is the function of the mitochondria? What is the structure of the mitochondria that allows it to do its job?
To produce ATP using its membrane folds.
What is the structure of the cell membrane? How is the membrane semi-permeable?
Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads (water loving) and hydrophobic tails (water fearing). The membrane is semi-permeable because it only allows certain substances into the cell while others are not allowed into the cell.
What is the food produced in photosynthesis?
Glucose
How is photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
The reactants used for photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and the products used for photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration. Photosynthesis uses sunlight and cellular respiration produces ATP.
Give 1 example of a prokaryotic cell AND 1 example of a eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic - bacteria
Eukaryotic - plants, animal, protists, or fungi
__________ makes proteins and are commonly found on the _________ __________ ___________ which assembles the proteins. The ________ ________ then packages and transports them through the cell.
Ribosomes; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER); Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
movement of substances in and out the cell maintains homeostasis/equilibrium.
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight ----> glucose + oxygen
List 2 differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic - no oxygen needed, produces ATP (2) fast
Aerobic - oxygen requires, produces ATP (36) slowly
List 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Pro - no nucleus, unicellular, circular DNA, small/simple , few organelles
Euk - has a nucleus, multicellular, linear DNA, complex/large, many organelles
1. Cytoplasm - fluid or gel like substances in the inside of the cell.
2. Chloroplast - captures sunlight for photosynthesis to occur in plants.
3. (Central) vacuole - stores water in a plant cell.
passive - no energy used, with conc. gradient, high to low concentration
active - uses ATP (energy), against conc. gradient, low to high concentration
List and explain 1 factor that impacts photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide, temperature, intensity of light, pH, color of light, availability of reactants
What is the written equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + water + ATP