Atomic Structure
What subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
proton
Noble gases are found on which side of the periodic table?
right side (group 18)
Which model describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths?
Bohr model
What do isotopes of the same element have in common?
same number of protons
Where is most of the atom's mass located?
nucleus
How many valence electrons does Magnesium (Mg) have?
2
Which model describes electrons as existing in probability regions, not fixed orbits?
electron cloud/quantum mechanical model
Which isotope of oxygen is more abundant and why?
Oxygen-15 or Oxygen-16
Oxygen-16, because average atomic mass is 15.99
Where is most of the atom's volume located?
electron cloud
What determines how many energy levels an atom has?
number of electron shells/period number/row number
Draw a bohr model for Carbon with a mass number of 14.
6 protons
8 neutrons
6 electrons (2 on first ring, 4 on 2nd ring)
What is the term for the time it takes half of a radioactive sample to decay?
half-life
An element has 32 protons and 38 neutrons. What is its mass number?
70
An element is in the same group as bromine, but has fewer protons than magnesium. What is it?
Fluorine (F)
What experiment led to the discovery that atoms have a dense positively charged nucleus?
Rutherford's gold foil experiment
An ongoing series of reactions from neutrons firing and hitting a series of nuclei, causing large amounts of energy being released is ___________.
chain reaction
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Chlorine-37?
p - 17
n - 20
e - 17
Identify the alkaline earth metal with 3 energy levels
Magnesium
Explain why the electron cloud/quantum mechanical model replaced the bohr model.
What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?
fusion is combining smaller nuclei into one larger nucleus; fission is splitting one larger nucleus into smaller nuclei.
Final Jeopardy:
You are working in the lab and believe you've discovered a new element with the following isotopes and abundance:
X-28 - 90.92%
X-29 - 4.68%
X-30 - 3.10%
X-31 - 1.30%
Find the average atomic mass and identify if this element is already discovered
Mass - 28.13
Element - Silicon (Si)