Perception
This is the term for when changes to the environment are not perceived due to inattention.
What is change blindness?
This is the ideal example of any given concept.
What is a prototype?
This type of memory refers to our recollection of personal events or general/factual knowledge.
This is the term for repeating information over time to maintain it in memory.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
This is the term for the fact that intelligence scores have generally increased over time.
What is the Flynn Effect?
Name one of the Gestalt principles that help explain how humans organize their perceptual world.
What is closure/proximity/similarity/figure and ground?
This is a mental shortcut people use to make quick judgments.
This is the biological process for memory where synaptic connections between neurons become stronger over time.
What is long-term potentiation?
This effect predicts that information at the beginning and end of a list will be better remembered.
What is the serial-position effect?
This type of mindset believes intelligence can change with experience.
What is a growth mindset?
This is the term for when people attend to mentions of their name in loud environments.
What is the cocktail party effect?
This cognitive error occurs when people continue investing in something because of past investments.
What is the sunk-cost fallacy?
These are the three systems in the multi-store model of memory.
What are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?
This memory phenomenon occurs when retrieval is enhanced by being in the same mood as encoding.
What is state-dependent/mood-congruent memory?
This score is determined by dividing mental age by chronological age.
What is IQ (Intelligence Quotient)?
These monocular depth cues that give illusion of depth on flat surfaces.
What are relative clarity, relative size, texture gradient, linear perspective, and interposition?
This cognitive process allows for generating novel ideas and divergent thinking.
What is creativity?
These are the components of working memory that interact with the central executive.
What are the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad?
This effect shows that distributing practice over time is better than massing it all at once.
What is the spacing effect?
These are the two main types of validity in psychological testing.
What are construct validity and predictive validity?
Explain the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing.
Bottom up starts with sensory info. Top-down starts with prior experience and expectation.
How do schemas change through assimilation and accommodation?
Taking in new info and incorporating it into an existing schema is assimilation. Changing schema to incorporate new info is accommodation.
What are the three levels of processing from shallowest to deepest?
structural, phonemic, and semantic
What are two types of interference that can cause forgetting?
Proactive and retroactive interference.
How has IQ testing historically impacted society in problematic ways?
Limiting access to jobs, military ranks, education, and immigration