Socialist Economics
Socialism is seen as a stepping stone from being ___________ to _________
capitalist; communist
What is a coup d'état?
The sudden, usually violent, overthrow of an existing government.
During the Iran Crisis of 1946, the Soviets refused to leave Iran and backed communist separatists who were successful in temporarily creating two separate countries in Iran. The Soviets negotiated their withdrawal if they can get what
Oil concessions from Iran
President Truman's speech to Congress (Truman Doctrine) set the beginning of the Domino Theory that would be used numerous times to justify US interventionist foreign policy. What does the theory state?
If one country falls to communism, then other neighboring countries would fall too (one bad apple spoils the bunch)
In a mutual defense treaty, like Western Union, NATO, and the Warsaw Pact, an attack on country is considered to be what?
considered to be an attack on all countries.
What two works of Karl Marx popularized communist ideology?
Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital
In E. Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland, when communists felt that a person of another party was hostile to them, they were labeled a ___________, then arrested and most likely executed.
fascist
Why did Tito back the DSE (communist rebels) during the 3rd stage of the Greek Civil War?
Tito wanted to create a singular Balkan state
In Winston Churchill's "Sinews of Peace" speech, he put into words what American and Western European countries were feeling out their concern of a global communist take over. What was Stalin's reaction to the speech?
It was a call to war with the Soviet Union (given in an interview with Pravda)
The US agrees with Western European countries on the need of a military alliance to combat the threat of Soviet domination, but first, what had to be done to get the US on board?
Europe needed to be united
(1948, the Brussels Treaty signed to create a European mutual defense alliance)
Once "pure" communism has been achieved, what would happen to the government?
It would disband
Between the 1946 and 1948 elections in Czechoslovakia, what did the communists do?
Took important Gov, police, and military positions
Why did the US intervene in the Greek Civil War (stage 3) and the Turkish Straits Crisis?
Britain was too weak to assist and was recovering from WWII
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) was the Soviet response to the Marshall Plan. COMECON promoted what in Soviet block countries to reduce redundancies?
Industrial specialization
What are two of the four results from the East/West divide solidified with the creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact?
1) Europe in hostile entanglement of alliances
2) New military alliances spread globally
3) Arms Race begins
4) Multiple Proxy wars/civil wars/assassinations
Under socialism, how is wealth transferred from the wealthy to the lower classes?
Through social programs
Why did Josip Broz (Tito) refuse to have Yugoslavia to become a Soviet satellite state?
He rejected Stalinism and instead followed more Marxist/Leninist ideals
What did President Truman do to get the Soviets to back off their claim to use the Turkish straits?
Sent a naval war fleet as a show of force (invited by the Turkish government)
The primary goal of the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) was to rebuild Europe after WWII and was open to both capitalist and communist countries. What were two other goals of the plan?
1) Economic revival would prevent more countries from becoming communist (or convert communist states to capitalist)
2) Stimulate the U.S. economy
What led to the blockade of Berlin in 1948?
The US, UK, and Rance merge their West German zones into one and began forming a West German government.
What is the general philosophy of communism?
Capitalism has failed to help the working class (proletariat) because of the greed of the middle & upper class (bourgeoisie)
Once the communist firmly took over Eastern European countries, what did every single government do to consolidate their powers?
Ban other political parties / become a one party state
The Montreux Convention (1936) gives Turkey the right to close its two straits that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea to belligerent war vessels. What are the names of the two straits?
Dardanelles and Bosphorus
Member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) resorting to bartering, why?
Under a command economy, the government has control over supply and prices which led to shortages instead of relying on the market
The Soviet Union started the Treaty of Friendship as a way to protect their satellite states. What was their other motive?
To exert more control over their militaries.