Manors & Feudalism
This economic system, built around self-sufficient farming estates, centered on the lord's manor.
Manorialism (Feudalism)
What religion did most of the European Crusaders follow?
Christianity
This disease reached Europe in 1347 through Mediterranean ports.
Bubonic Plague
He united the nomadic tribes in the 13th century to found the Mongol Empire.
Genghis Khan
"Renaissance" means "rebirth," a renewed interest in these two ancient cultures.
Greece & Rome
This is Martin Luther's 1517 list of complaints against the Church.
95 Theses
This Italian astronomer's telescope findings challenged Church teachings.
Galileo Galilei
This is a ruler with centralized, unlimited authority over government and subjects.
Absolute Monarch
In exchange for a fief (land), a vassal owed his lord this.
Military Service & Loyalty
The Crusades were primarily a series of religious and military conflicts between European Christians and these people.
Muslims
These small parasites commonly carried the bacteria that caused the Black Death. (+200)
These animals helped spread the fleas that carried the plague bacteria. (+200)
Fleas & Rats
The term for the highly disciplined cavalry and this skill helped the Mongols conquer Eurasia.
Horseback Archery
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This movement focused on classical texts, secular themes, and human potential.
Humanism
Martin Luther attacked the Church's sale of these for forgiveness of sins.
Indulgences
He formulated the law of universal gravitation and developed calculus.
Isaac Newton
This belief holds that a monarch's authority comes from God alone.
Divine Right of Kings
Peasants tied to the land of a manor were known by this term.
Serfs
Although the Crusades were largely unsuccessful militarily, they increased trade between Europe and this region.
The Middle East
Approximately what percentage of Europe's population died during the Black Death?
~33% of Europe's Population
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This "Mongol Peace" made travel and trade safer along the Silk Road.
Pax Mongolica
In this 1513 book, this author advised rulers that fear is safer than love.
BONUS +300 to name the author
The Prince
Niccolò Machiavelli (+300)
Martin Luther taught that salvation comes through this, known as "sola fide."
Faith Alone
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Copernicus proposed this Sun-centered model of the solar system.
Heliocentric Model
Louis XIV built this palace to display his wealth and control the nobles.
Palace of Versailles
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This institution unified medieval Western Europe by providing stability, spiritual guidance, and shared values.
Roman Catholic Church
This was the main goal of the First Crusade against the Muslims of the Middle East.
Recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land
After the labor shortage, surviving peasants gained this, which weakened feudal ties.
Higher Wages & Mobility
(Bargaining Power)
He founded the Yuan Dynasty and welcomed Marco Polo to his court.
Kublai Khan
Johannes Gutenberg's printing press made books faster and cheaper to produce, increasing this group's access to written information.
Ordinary People
This 1521 decree declared Martin Luther a heretic and banned his writings after he refused to recant his teachings.
Edict of Worms
This medieval Greek astronomer developed the geocentric model that dominated European astronomy for centuries.
Ptolemy
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This 1689 English document permanently limited the monarchy's power.
English Bill of Rights
In the three-field system, one field was left unplanted each year to recover. This is the term for that field.
Fallow
Through contact with Islamic scholars, Europeans were re-introduced to this kind of learning.
Classical Greek & Roman Learning
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
The plague spread rapidly along these specific networks across Afro-Eurasia. (Name 3 Trade Routes)
Silk Roads
Mediterranean Sea Complex
Indian Ocean Complex
In the Mongol army, soldiers were promoted based on this rather than their family's status.
Merit or Ability
The quintessential “Renaissance Man,” he was known for his inventions and famous paintings, including the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Leonardo da Vinci
At this council, the Catholic Church reformed internal abuses and reaffirmed core doctrines during the Counter-Reformation.
Council of Trent
Sir Francis Bacon and Philosopher Descartes helped develop this method based on observation, hypothesis, and reason.
The Scientific Method
This Russian czar westernized and modernized his country's military, government, and culture.
Peter I the Great