Organelles
What does the nucleus do?
The nucleus is the control center of the cell and directs cell activities.
Rank the 3 energy systems that a human would use from quickest to longest.
1) Creatine phosphate
2) Glycolysis
3) Aerobic respiration (Krebs and ETC)
Explain the pros and cons of glycolysis
Pros: no O2, quick energy
Cons: Need ATP, does not last long
Who discovered the cell and what year did the person discover it?
Robert Hooke; 1665
False
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
Phospholipid bilayer - hydrophillic heads and hydrophobic tails
Glycolysis takes place in _____________; The Krebs cycle and ETC take place in ____________
cytoplasm; mitochondria
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Like the gift wrapping department. It modifies proteins and sends them to their final destination.
Name at least three differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic: first to evolve, most popular, smaller, simpler, no organelles, no nucleus. In bacteria
Eukaryotic: organelles, nucleus, larger, more complex. In plants, animals, fungi, protist
Explain osmosis.
Movement of H2O from high to low concentration across the cell membrane. No energy required.
What is the difference between the rough and smooth ER?
RER: has ribosomes, folds/creates proteins
SER: no ribosomes, makes lipids
What is facilitated diffusion?
When something cannot get through the cell membrane on its own (polar or too large), so it needs a protein to help it cross into or out of the cell
It is the powerhouse of the cell and makes ATP.
A cell is placed inside a hypertonic solution. What happens?
Cell shrinks.
Why are viruses not considered alive?
All living things not only have cells; they are also capable of reproduction.
Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. Instead, they infect living hosts, and use the hosts’ cells to make copies of their own DNA.
For these reasons, most scientists do not consider viruses to be living things.
Dr. Glynn's favorite word in biology is _______. It occurs / is ordered to occur by the organelle called the __________.
apoptosis; lysosome
In the gummy bear lab, most groups had the following results:
Distilled water gummy bear gained weight.
Salt water gummy bear lost weight.
Why?
This is due to osmosis. Salt water has a higher solute concentration than the gummy bears. Water exits the cells to the saltier environment, causing the bear to shrink and become lighter. Distilled water has a lower solute concentration than the bear cells. Water enters the cells via osmosis, causing the bear to swell and become heavier.
What is the overall chemical equation for cell respiration?
O2 + C6H12O6 = H2O + CO2 + energy
State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Describe active transport and give an example.
Requires energy because it goes against its concentration gradient. Example can be anything that goes against the gradient.
Explain the concept of turgor pressure and a relatable example that we may see in real life.
Turgor pressure: pressure exerted by a vacuole against a cell wall. Relatable example is wilting of plant, cactus, etc.
Give an example of an exercise with the 3 energy systems.
Creatine phosphate - 15 sec burst (sprint)
Glycolysis (15 sec - 3 min) (hard run)
Aerobic respiration - 60 min (jog)
Write out and spell what ATP stands for.
Adenosine triphosphate.
Why is the size of the cell limited?
Volume increases more proportionally than does SA.
Trace the journey of a protein from its synthesis to its insertion in the cell membrane.
Rough ER --> vesicle --> golgi --> vesicle --> cell membrane