Organelles
Which organelle makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
Rank the 3 energy systems that a human would use from quickest to longest.
1) Creatine phosphate
2) Glycolysis
3) Aerobic respiration (Krebs and ETC)
What is the overall chemical equation for cell respiration?
O2 + C6H12O6 = H2O + CO2 + energy
Who discovered the cell and what year did the person discover it?
Robert Hooke; 1665
False
After the ER, proteins go to the _______
Golgi
Glycolysis takes place in _____________; The Krebs cycle and ETC take place in ____________
cytoplasm; mitochondria
How many ATP do we get in total from cellular respiration (one glucose molecule)?
38
Name at least three differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic: first to evolve, most popular, smaller, simpler, no organelles, no nucleus. In bacteria
Eukaryotic: organelles, nucleus, larger, more complex. In plants, animals, fungi, protist
Explain osmosis.
Movement of H2O from high to low concentration across the cell membrane. No energy required.
The rough ER makes ______. The smooth ER makes ______.
proteins; lipids
Carry high energy electrons
Explain the pros and cons of glycolysis
Pros: no O2, quick energy
Cons: Need ATP, does not last long
A cell is placed inside a hypertonic solution. What happens?
Cell shrinks.
Why are viruses not considered alive?
All living things not only have cells; they are also capable of reproduction.
Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. Instead, they infect living hosts, and use the hosts’ cells to make copies of their own DNA.
For these reasons, most scientists do not consider viruses to be living things.
Dr. Glynn's favorite word in biology is _______. It occurs / is ordered to occur by the organelle called the __________.
apoptosis; lysosome
In the carrot lab, most groups had the following results:
Distilled water carrot gained weight.
Salt water carrot lost weight.
Why?
This is due to osmosis. Salt water has a higher solute concentration than the carrot cells. Water exits the cells to the saltier environment, causing the carrot to shrink and become lighter. Distilled water has a lower solute concentration than the carrot cells. Water enters the cells via osmosis, causing the carrot to swell and become heavier.
What does ONE molecule of pyruvic acid allow to be produced in the Krebs cycle?
4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Describe active transport and give an example.
Requires energy because it goes against its concentration gradient. Example can be anything that goes against the gradient.
Explain the concept of turgor pressure and a relatable example that we may see in real life.
Turgor pressure: pressure exerted by a vacuole against a cell wall. Relatable example is wilting of plant, cactus, etc.
What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC?
Oxygen
In your own words, describe the circle of life as it relates to the equations of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Something along the lines of: Animals use the products of photosynthesis to start cellular respiration. Photosynthetic organisms use the products of cellular aspiration to begin photosynthesis.
Why is the size of the cell limited?
Volume increases more proportionally than does SA.
Trace the journey of a protein from its synthesis to its insertion in the cell membrane.
Rough ER --> vesicle --> golgi --> vesicle --> cell membrane